Abstract
The failure mechanism of a concrete slab–soil double-layer structure subjected to an underground explosion was investigated by experimental and numerical methods in this paper. Two underground explosion depths of 150 and 350 mm were tested. The typical failure modes such as the conoid spall of concrete, the bulge of the concrete slab and the cavity in the soil were obtained experimentally. Numerical simulations of the experiments were performed using a hydrodynamic code to analyze the effects of both the stress wave and the expansion of the blast products. Based on the experimental and numerical results, the effects of explosive depth, blast wave front and expansion of the blast products on the failure modes and failure mechanisms were discussed. The underground explosion process at different explosion depths was also analyzed. The results show that attenuation of the stress wave in the soil is significant. The blast wave front and the expansion of the blast products play different roles at different explosion depths. At the explosion depth of 150 mm, the failure mode is mainly caused by a point load induced by the blast wave front, whereas at the depth of 350 mm a sphere-shaped load resulting from the expansion of the blast products is a key factor for failure.
References
Bull, J.W., Woodford, C.H.: Camouflets and their effects on runway supports. Comput. Struct. 69, 695–706 (1998)
Ma, G.W., Hao, H., Zhou, Y.X.: Modeling of wave propagation induced by underground explosion. Comput. Geotech. 22, 283–303 (1998)
Wu, C.Q., Hao, H.: Modeling of simultaneous ground shock and airblast pressure on nearby structures from surface explosions. Int. J. Impact Eng. 31, 699–717 (2005)
Neuberger, A., Peles, S., Rittel, D.: Scaling the response of circular plates subjected to large and close-range spherical explosions. Part I: air-blast loading. Int. J. Impact Eng. 34, 859–873 (2007)
Rajendran, R., Narasimhan, K.: Deformation and fracture behaviour of plate specimens subjected to underwater explosion—a review. Int. J. Impact Eng. 32, 1945–1963 (2006)
LeBlanc, J., Shukla, A.: Response of E-glass/vinyl ester composite panels to underwater explosive loading: effects of laminate modifications. Int. J. Impact Eng. 38, 796–803 (2011)
Wang, Z.Q., Lu, Y., Hao, H., Chong, K.R.: A full coupled numerical analysis approach for buried structures subjected to subsurface blast. Comput. Struct. 83, 339–356 (2005)
Wang, Z.Q., Hao, H., Lu, Y.: A three-phase soil model for simulating stress wave propagation due to blast loading. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 28, 33–56 (2004)
Lu, Y., Wang, Z.Q., Chong, K.R.: A comparative study of buried structure in soil subjected to blast load using 2D and 3D numerical simulations. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 25, 275–288 (2005)
Yankelevsky, D.Z., Feldgun, V.R., Karinski, Y.S.: Underground explosion of a cylindrical charge near a buried wall. Int. J. Impact Eng. 35, 905–919 (2008)
Ambrosini, R.D., Luccioni, B.L., Danesi, R.F., Riera, J.D., Rocha, M.M.: Size of craters produced by explosive charges on or above the ground surface. Shock Waves 12, 69–78 (2002)
Ambrosini, R.D., Luccioni, B.M.: Craters produced by explosions on the soil surface. J. Appl. Mech. 73, 890–900 (2006)
Grujicic, M., Pandurangan, B., Qiao, R., Cheeseman, B.A., Roy, W.N., Skaggs, R.R., Gupta, R.: Parameterization of the porous-material model for sand with different levels of water saturation. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 28, 20–35 (2008)
Grujicic, M., Pandurangan, B., Cheeseman, B.A.: The effect of degree of saturation of sand on detonation phenomena associated with shallow-buried and ground-laid mines. Shock Vib. 13, 41–61 (2006)
Korpa, A., Trettin, R.: The influence of different drying methods on cement paste microstructures as reflected by gas adsorption: comparison between freeze-drying (F-drying), D-drying, P-drying and oven-drying methods. Cem. Concr. Res. 36(4), 634–649 (2006)
Luccioni, B., Ambrosini, D., Nurick, G., Snyman, I.: Craters produced by underground explosions. Comput. Struct. 87, 1366–1373 (2009)
Zhou, X.Q., Kuznetsov, V.A., Hao, H., Wasch, J.: Numerical prediction of concrete slab response to blast loading. Int. J. Impact Eng. 35, 1186–1200 (2008)
Riedel, W., Thoma, K., Hiermaier, S., Schmolinske, E.: Numerical analysis using a new macroscopic concrete model for hydrocodes. In: Proceedings of Ninth International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures, Berlin, vol. 03–07, pp. 315–322 (1999)
Johnson, F.L.: Contact Mechanics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Han, C., Sun, C.T.: A study of pre-stress effect on static and dynamic contact failure of brittle materials. Int. J. Impact Eng. 24, 597–611 (2004)
Johnson, G.R.: Numerical algorithms and material models for high-velocity impact computations. Int. J. Impact Eng. 38, 456–472 (2011)
Wilkins, M.L., Honodel, C.A., Sawle, D.: An Approach to the Study of Light Armour. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore (1967). (UCRL-50284(R))
Gebbeken, N., Greulich, S., Pietzsch, A.: Hugoniot properties for concrete determined by full-scale detonation experiments and flyer-plate-impact tests. Int. J. Impact Eng. 32, 2017–2031 (2006)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11202071) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WUT: 2013-IV-095).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by H. Kleine.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tan, Z., Zhang, W., Cho, C. et al. Failure mechanisms of concrete slab–soil double-layer structure subjected to underground explosion. Shock Waves 24, 545–551 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-014-0518-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-014-0518-3