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Goal attainment scaling in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: development and pilot testing of the Self-Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) questionnaire

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Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

The Self-Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) questionnaire was developed to identify treatment goals and assess goal-achievement in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Methods

This study consisted of (1) gathering information on goal setting/attainment concepts, (2) goal elicitation (n = 41 patients with LUTS), (3) cognitive debriefing of draft questionnaire (n = 11), and (4) pilot testing (n = 104).

Results

SAGA consists of baseline (goal-assessment; ranking) and follow-up (goal-achievement) modules. In addition to goals most frequently mentioned, patients can list up to five open goals. Goals most commonly reported as “very important” in pilot testing included reducing urgency (72%), incontinence (65%), and nocturia (64%). Treatment goals spontaneously reported as “very important” were reducing incontinence (45%), nocturia (40%), and frequency (26%).

Conclusions

SAGA may be used to identify treatment goals and assess goal-achievement in patients with LUTS in the clinic and for research (with additional validation). This information may promote patient–physician interaction and help patients establish realistic treatment goals, which may in turn improve treatment adherence and outcomes.

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Abbreviations

GAS:

Goal attainment scaling

HRQL:

Health-related quality of life

LUTS:

Lower urinary tract symptoms

OAB:

Overactive bladder

OAB-q:

Overactive Bladder Questionnaire

OAB-S:

Overactive Bladder Satisfaction

PPBC:

Patient Perception of Bladder Condition

SAGA:

Self-Assessment Goal Achievement

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Acknowledgement

This study was initiated and sponsored by Pfizer Inc. Editorial support was provided by Simon J. Slater, PhD, at Complete Healthcare Communications, Inc., and was funded by Pfizer Inc.

Conflicts of interest

LB is a consultant and investigator for Pfizer Inc; EP, CJE, and YY are consultants for Pfizer; JB is a consultant and investigator for Pfizer Inc, and an investigator for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas, LLC, Ingenix, and GlaxoSmithKline, plc; VK is a board member, consultant, investigator, and lecturer for Pfizer Inc, and a board member, consultant, and investigator for Astellas, and LLC; TB, ZSK, and JT are employees of Pfizer Inc.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave., Building 103, Room 1004, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA

    Linda Brubaker

  2. St. Mary’s Hospital, London, UK

    Vik Khullar

  3. Mapi Values, Boston, MA, USA

    Elisabeth Piault, Christopher J. Evans & Yating Yeh

  4. Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA

    Tamara Bavendam, Zoe S. Kopp & Jeffrey Trocio

  5. Beach Clinical Studies, Paradise Valley, AZ, USA

    James Beach

  6. St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

    Con J. Kelleher

Authors
  1. Linda Brubaker
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  2. Vik Khullar
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  3. Elisabeth Piault
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  4. Christopher J. Evans
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  5. Tamara Bavendam
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  6. James Beach
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  7. Yating Yeh
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  8. Zoe S. Kopp
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  9. Con J. Kelleher
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  10. Jeffrey Trocio
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Linda Brubaker.

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Brubaker, L., Khullar, V., Piault, E. et al. Goal attainment scaling in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: development and pilot testing of the Self-Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) questionnaire. Int Urogynecol J 22, 937–946 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-011-1382-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-011-1382-7

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