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Zukunft der Pränataldiagnostik

The future of prenatal diagnostics

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Zusammenfassung

Das Durchschnittsalter der Schwangeren steigt weiterhin an, und damit auch die Bedeutung der Aneuploidien. Der größte Meilenstein der vergangenen Jahre, der Screeningtest der Zukunft, ist die Untersuchung der zellfreien DNA im Blut der Mutter im Hinblick auf fetale Aneuploidien. Besonders hoch ist die Genauigkeit bei der Trisomie 21. Die Möglichkeiten der Fehlbildungsdiagnostik, besonders im Bereich des Zentralnervensystems, werden im 2. Trimenon durch fetale Magnetresonanzuntersuchungen erweitert. Pränatale Eingriffe verbessern beim fetofetalen Transfusionssyndrom sowie bei manchen Formen der Zwerchfellhernie und der Spina bifida die Prognose. Erstmals konnte in den vergangenen Monaten und Jahren die Wirksamkeit von prophylaktischen Maßnahmen bei hohem Risiko für Plazentainsuffizienz und Frühgeburt gezeigt werden.

Abstract

The average maternal age is still increasing and so is the significance of aneuploidy. The greatest milestone in the past and the screening test of the future is testing for aneuploidy using cell-free DNA fragments in maternal blood. This has a particularly high accuracy for trisomy 21. Diagnosis of fetal structural abnormalities in the second trimester, especially concerning the central nervous system, is enhanced by fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Prenatal interventions for fetal therapy improve the prognosis in twin-twin transfusion syndrome and in certain forms of diaphragmatic hernia and spina bifida. Recently it was possible for the first time to show a significant effect of prophylactic measures in reducing the risk for placental insufficiency and preterm labor.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. E. Krampl-Bettelheim gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag enthält keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to E. Krampl-Bettelheim.

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Krampl-Bettelheim, E. Zukunft der Pränataldiagnostik. Gynäkologe 47, 559–564 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-013-3236-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-013-3236-5

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