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Wirbelsäulentraumata

Klinische Diagnostik und Erstversorgung

Spinaltrauma

Clinical diagnosis and initial care

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Zusammenfassung

Diagnostik

Rettung, Behandlung und Transport Wirbelsäulenverletzter setzen eine systematische Befunderhebung mit nachfolgender Wertung der Befunde und Verdachtsdiagnosen voraus. Neben der Einschätzung von zeitlicher Dringlichkeit, zur Verfügung stehender Ressourcen und Personal sowie der Dauer und Komplexität gegebenenfalls zu erwartender technischer Maßnahmen spielt nicht zuletzt die sinnvolle Auswahl des Immobilisationsverfahrens eine bedeutende Rolle. Die wichtigsten medizinischen Hilfsmittel der Rettung sind Schaufeltrage und Spineboard; zur Immobilisation selbst dienen Spineboard, Vakuummatratze und Zervikalstützen.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschränkt sich auf die Diagnostik und Erstversorgung isolierter Wirbelsäulenverletzungen. Die prähospitale Versorgung mehrfach verletzter und/oder polytraumatisierter Patienten unterscheidet sich bei abweichenden Prioritäten teils erheblich

Abstract

Diagnostic work-up

The rescue, treatment and transport of patients with an injured spine require a systematic scheme with the subsequent rating of the findings and suspected diagnoses. In addition to the assessment of temporal urgency, the available resources and personnel, the duration and complexity of any possible technical measures that might be anticipated, the rational selection of immobilisation tools also plays a significant role. The most important medical rescue aids are the scoop stretcher and the spine board; the spine board, vacuum mattress and cervical collar are used to immobilise the patient.

Practical recommendations

This article is focused on the diagnosis and initial treatment of isolated spinal injuries. The prehospital care of polytraumatised patients and/or those with multiple injuries differs significantly and has different priorities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, Gebäude 90 (Neurozentrum), 66421, Homburg, Deutschland

    M. Kettner

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Correspondence to M. Kettner.

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M. Kettner gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine vom Autor durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Kettner, M. Wirbelsäulentraumata. Radiologe 56, 684–690 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-016-0120-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-016-0120-z

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