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Extradurale Tumoren

Extradural tumors

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Zusammenfassung

Fünfzig bis 60% aller spinalen Tumoren sind extradural gelegen. Sie können in Knochentumoren (benigne, intermediäre und maligne) und Tumoren des Epiduralraums, und extraspinale Tumoren, die in den Spinalraum vorwachsen, unterteilt werden. Die führenden klinischen Symptome sind Rückenschmerzen, Schwäche sowie Myelo- und Radikulopathien, verursacht durch Kompression des Rückenmarks bzw. der Nervenwurzeln.

Die Bildgebung der extraduralen Tumoren erfordert meist sowohl ein MRT als auch eine CT. Das MRT kann die extraduralen Weichteilanteile und Infiltration des Knochenmarks gut darstellen. Veränderungen im Myelon, z. B. verursacht durch eine Kompression im Sinne einer Myelopathie mit zentromedullärer Signalanhebung, stellen sich vor allem in den T2-Sequenzen gut dar. Die CT kann osteolytische oder osteosklerotische Läsionen darstellen und das Ausmaß der knöchernen Beteiligung aufzeigen. Eine Szintigraphie ist oft hilfreich, um Metastasen nachzuweisen und Osteoidosteome zu charakterisieren.

Abstract

Approximately 50–60% of spinal tumors are extradural and depending on the origin and location are classified into tumors of the vertebrae, tumors of the epidural space and primarily extraspinal tumors growing into the spine. Presenting complaints include back pain and weakness as well as myelopathy and radiculopathy due to compression of the spinal cord or the nerve roots, respectively. Imaging of extradural tumors mostly requires both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Extradural masses and infiltration of the cord can be depicted by MRI and CT depicts osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesions and the extent of osseous involvement. Bone scintigraphy is often helpful in detecting metastases and characterizing osteoid osteomas.

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Correspondence to W. Reith.

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Reith, W., Yilmaz, U. Extradurale Tumoren. Radiologe 51, 1018–1024 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-011-2152-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-011-2152-8

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