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Asthma bronchiale

Pränatale Einflüsse auf die Immunentwicklung im Kindesalter

Asthma

Prenatal influences on immune development in childhood

  • Leitthema
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Zusammenfassung

Insbesondere bei Kindern und Jugendlichen wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein deutlicher Anstieg des Asthma bronchiale beobachtet. Sowohl dessen Entstehung als auch die Zunahme sind vermutlich auf eine vielschichtige Interaktion zwischen Genen und Umweltfaktoren und deren Auswirkungen auf die Immunregulation zurückzuführen. Auch epigenetische und genetische Faktoren scheinen eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen. Aufgrund der komplexen Einflüsse auf die frühe Immunentwicklung des Kindes resultieren unterschiedliche Ausprägungen: Es kann zur Entwicklung einer allergischen Atemwegserkrankung kommen, es kann sich eine transiente Form mit Pfeifen über einige Jahre ausbilden oder das Kind kann vor der Entwicklung eines Asthma bronchiale geschützt sein. Diese Einflüsse können pränatal beginnen und bereits zu diesem Zeitpunkt für die spätere Immun- bzw. Krankheitsentwicklung ausschlaggebend sein.

Abstract

The prevalence of asthma has increased significantly in the last decades, particularly among children and adolescents. Both this increase and the development of childhood asthma are probably the result of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors that influence a child’s immunological determination from early on, if not already in utero. Genetic and epigenetic factors are likely to be involved in this complex network. These complex effects on early immune development in children can have various consequences, such as the development of allergic asthma or temporary forms which develop over a number of years. However, a child may also be protected against the development asthma. These complex influences/effects can begin in the prenatal phase influencing the likelihood of later development of immune or other diseases.

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  1. Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, München, Deutschland

    B. Schaub

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Schaub, B. Asthma bronchiale. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 158, 137–141 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-009-2083-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-009-2083-x

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