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Pharmakovigilanz in Deutschland

Es wird langsam Zeit

Pharmacovigilance in Germany

It is about time

  • Arzneimitteltherapie
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Pharmakovigilanz bezeichnet die Gesamtheit der Maßnahmen zur Erfassung, Bewertung und Vorbeugung von unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW). Obwohl ihre Anfänge in Deutschland 50 Jahre zurück liegen, ist in letzter Zeit eine Stagnation zu beobachten.

Ziel der Übersicht

Die verschiedenen Instrumente der Pharmakovigilanz werden dargestellt und Gründe für die hiesige Stagnation diskutiert.

Datenlage

Spontanmeldesysteme sind ein wichtiges Instrument der Pharmakovigilanz und basieren auf der Meldung von UAW seitens der behandelnden Ärzte, anderer Gesundheitsberufe oder der Patienten. Sie weisen mehrere Limitationen auf, beispielsweise „underreporting“, „media bias“ sowie „confounding“ durch Komorbiditäten und Komedikationen. Zudem haben sie oft eine eingeschränkte Berichtsqualität. Daher wurden in den letzten Jahren mit staatlichen Mitteln international elektronische Gesundheitsdatenbanken aufgebaut und für die Pharmakovigilanzforschung eingesetzt. In den USA wird der Zusammenschluss verschiedener Gesundheitsdatenbanken mit mehr als 193 Mio. Individuen für Zwecke der Pharmakovigilanz staatlich gefördert. In Deutschland wurde der Aufbau großer longitudinaler Datenbanken bisher nicht als staatliche Aufgabe wahrgenommen und auch nicht realisiert. Weitere Ansätze, administrative Krankenkassendaten für die Pharmakovigilanz zu nutzen, werden durch die rechtliche Lage enorm erschwert, vor allem durch § 75 SGB X. Dies hat hierzulande zu einer Stagnation in der Pharmakovigilanzforschung geführt.

Schlussfolgerung

Ohne den staatlich geförderten Aufbau großer longitudinaler Datenbanken und eine Novellierung von § 75 SGB X wird die Nutzung von Gesundheitsdaten in Deutschland eine Nische in der Pharmakovigilanzforschung bleiben. Das hat negative Auswirkungen auf die medizinische Versorgung der Bevölkerung.

Abstract

Background

Pharmacovigilance is defined as the activities relating to the detection, assessment, and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Although its beginnings in Germany date back more than 50 years, a stagnation in this field has been observed lately.

Objectives

Different tools of pharmacovigilance will be illustrated and the reasons for its stagnation in Germany will be elucidated.

Current data

Spontaneous reporting systems are an important tool in pharmacovigilance and are based on reports of ADRs from treating physicians, other healthcare professionals, or patients. Due to several weaknesses of spontaneous reporting systems such as underreporting, media bias, confounding by comorbidity or comedication, and due to the limited quality of the reports, the development of electronic healthcare databases was publicly funded in recent years so that they can be used for pharmacovigilance research. In the US different electronic healthcare databases were merged in a project sponsored by public means resulting in more than 193 million individuals. In Germany the establishment of large longitudinal databases was never conceived as a public duty and has not been implemented so far. Further attempts to use administrative healthcare data for pharmacovigilance purposes are severely restricted by the Code of Social Law (Section 75, Book 10). This situation has led to a stagnation in pharmacovigilance research in Germany.

Conclusions

Without publicly funded large longitudinal healthcare databases and an amendment of Section 75, Book 10, of the Code of Social Law, the use of healthcare data in pharmacovigilance research in Germany will remain a rarity. This could have negative effects on the medical care of the general population.

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Correspondence to A. Douros.

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A. Douros, C. Schaefer, R. Kreutz und E. Garbe geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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M. Wehling, Mannheim

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Douros, A., Schaefer, C., Kreutz, R. et al. Pharmakovigilanz in Deutschland. Internist 57, 616–623 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-016-0068-0

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