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Aktuelle Therapie der akuten lymphatischen Leukämie des Erwachsenen

Current treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults

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Zusammenfassung

Die akute lymphatische Leukämie (ALL) ist die häufigste maligne Erkrankung im Kindesalter. Bei Erwachsenen macht sie etwa 20 % der akuten Leukämien aus. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden im Hinblick auf die Charakterisierung und Therapieoptimierung wesentliche Fortschritte erzielt. Grundlage sind konsekutive Therapieoptimierungsstudien mit zunehmend individualisierten, risikoadaptierten Therapieprotokollen. Etwa 90 % der erwachsenen ALL-Patienten unter 55–65 Jahren können nun eine komplette Remission erreichen. Die Heilungschancen bei Erwachsenen konnten in den vergangenen 30 Jahren von unter 10 % auf über 50 % erhöht werden. Wesentlich für die Verbesserung der Therapieergebnisse waren eine Optimierung der intensiven Chemotherapie und Supportivbehandlung, die Integration der Stammzelltransplantation in die Erstlinienbehandlung, die Aufnahme zielgerichteter Substanzen in die Therapiekonzepte sowie eine verbesserte Risikostratifikation unter Berücksichtigung des Verlaufs der minimalen Resterkrankung. Aufgrund individualisierter Therapieentscheidungen sind aktuelle Therapieprotokolle sehr komplex und nur in spezialisierten Kliniken adäquat durchführbar. Zukünftige Herausforderungen liegen v. a. in der weiteren Therapieoptimierung bei älteren Patienten und in der Behandlung chemotherapierefraktärer Patienten. In Deutschland wird die Mehrzahl der erwachsenen Patienten nach Protokollen der German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL) behandelt.

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent malignant disease in childhood. In adults ALL comprises approximately 20 % of all forms of acute leukemia. In recent years substantial progress has been made with respect to the characterization and therapy optimization based on consecutive therapy optimization studies with increasingly more individualized, risk-adapted therapy protocols. Approximately 90 % of adult ALL patients under 55–65 years can now achieve complete remission. The chance of cure for adults could be increased over the last 30 years from less than 10 % to more than 50 %. Fundamental for the improvement of therapy results were an optimization of intensive chemotherapy and supportive treatment, integration of stem cell transplantation into the first-line treatment, inclusion of targeted substances in the therapy concept and improved risk stratification in consideration of the course of the minimal residual disease. Due to individualized therapeutic decisions current therapy protocols are very complex and can only be adequately carried out in specialized centers. Future challenges include further optimization of therapy in older patients and treatment of patients refractory to chemotherapy. In Germany the majority of adult patients are treated according to protocols of the German multicenter study group for adult ALL (GMALL).

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. N. Gökbuget gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Gökbuget, N. Aktuelle Therapie der akuten lymphatischen Leukämie des Erwachsenen. Internist 56, 344–353 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-014-3595-6

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