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Der Natrium-Jodid-Symporter (NIS)

Pathophysiologische, diagnostische und therapeutische Bedeutung

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Zusammenfassung

Der Natrium-Jodid-Symporter (NIS) vermittelt als intrinsisches Membranprotein den aktiven Transport von Jodid nicht nur in die Schilddrüse sondern auch eine Reihe weiterer Organe, insbesondere die laktierende Brustdrüse. Aufgrund seiner zentralen Rolle beim thyreoidalen Jodtransport öffnete die Klonierung des NIS-Gens vor 6 Jahren ein neues, spannendes und breit gefächertes Kapitel in der Schilddrüsenforschung. Sie ermöglichte die Untersuchung der thyreoidalen und extrathyreoidalen Expression und Regulation von NIS, sowie die Charakterisierung seiner pathophysiologischen und therapeutischen Bedeutung bei benignen und malignen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen. Daneben bildet der Symporter die Grundlage der diagnostischen Schilddrüsenszintigraphie sowie der therapeutischen Anwendung von Radiojod bei der Behandlung von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen und ihrer Metastasen. Die Möglichkeit des gezielten NIS-Gentransfers in nichtthyreoidale Tumore und der Nachweis endogener NIS-Expression in der Mehrzahl der Mammakarzinome eröffnen darüber hinaus vielversprechende Perspektiven für die diagnostische und therapeutische Anwendung von NIS auch außerhalb der Schilddrüse.

Abstract

The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is an intrinsic plasma membrane protein that mediates the active transport of iodide in the thyroid gland and a number of extrathyroidal tissues, in particular lactating mammary gland. Because of its crucial role in the ability of thyroid follicular cells to trap iodide, cloning of NIS opened an exciting and extensive new field of thyroid-related research. Cloning and molecular characterization of NIS allowed investigation of its expression and regulation in thyroidal and nonthyroidal tissues, and its potential pathophysiological and therapeutic implications in benign and malignant thyroid diseases. In addition, NIS-mediated iodide accumulation allows diagnostic thyroid scintigraphy as well as effective therapeutic application of radioiodine in benign and malignant thyroid disease. Characterization and application of NIS as a novel therapeutic gene for cytoreductive gene therapy of extrathyroidal tumors, and the presence of high endogenous NIS expression in the majority of breast cancers further suggest a promising role of NIS in diagnosis and therapy of cancer outside the thyroid gland.

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  1. Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    C. Spitzweg

  2. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München

    C. Spitzweg

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Spitzweg, C. Der Natrium-Jodid-Symporter (NIS). Internist 44, 396–411 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-003-0877-9

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