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Biologische Therapien in der Otologie

Biological therapies in otology. German version

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Zusammenfassung

Mehrere Millionen Menschen weltweit leiden an Hörverlust. Derzeitige Therapien für Patienten mit hochgradigem Hörverlust beschränken sich auf die Versorgung mit einem Cochleaimplantat. Sofern der Hörnerv intakt ist, profitieren die behandelten Personen enorm, und ein Sprachverstehen ist wieder möglich. Allerdings gibt es nach wie vor Einschränkungen, die aus technologischer Sicht nicht angegangen werden. Neuartige Ansätze, basierend auf Zelltransplantation und Gentherapie, entwickeln sich rapide, zumindest im experimentellen Sektor. Klinische Translationsansätze indes sind, verglichen mit der Fülle an Grundlagenforschung auf diesem Gebiet, eher rudimentär. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit konzentriert sich daher zum einen auf translationsfähige Ansätze und die zu überkommenden Hindernisse bei der Translation, zum anderen auf erste klinische Ansätze biologischer Therapien bei hochgradiger Schwerhörigkeit, insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer Cochleaimplantation.

Abstract

Millions of people worldwide suffer from hearing loss. Current treatment for patients with severe to profound hearing loss consists of cochlear implants. Providing the cochlear nerve is intact, patients generally benefit enormously from this intervention, frequently achieving significant improvements in speech comprehension. There are, however, some cases where current technology does not provide patients with adequate benefit. New therapeutic concepts based on cell transplantation and gene therapy are developing rapidly, at least in the research sector. Compared to the wealth of basic research available in this area, translation of these new experimental approaches into clinical application is presently at a very early stage. The current review focuses on translatable treatment concepts and discusses the barriers that need to be overcome in order to translate basic scientific research into clinical reality. Furthermore, the first examples of clinical application of biological therapies in severe hearing loss are presented, particularly in connection with cochlear implants.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken Daniela Beyer für die graphische Umsetzung der Skizzen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500 Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    A. Roemer, S. Sasse, T. Lenarz & A. Warnecke

  2. Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA

    H. Staecker

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  1. A. Roemer
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Correspondence to A. Roemer.

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A. Roemer, H. Staecker, S. Sasse, T. Lenarz und A. Warnecke geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet unter anderem eigene durchgeführte Studien. Alle im Manuskript beschriebenen Untersuchungen am Menschen wurden in Zustimmung der zuständigen Ethik-Kommission, im Einklang mit nationalem Recht sowie gemäß der Deklaration von Helsinki von 1975 durchgeführt. Von allen beteiligten Patienten liegt eine Einverständniserklärung vor. Bei der Verwendung von Labortieren wurden alle nationalen Richtlinien zur Haltung und Umgang eingehalten. Die notwendigen Zustimmungen liegen den Behörden vor.

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Die englische Version dieses Beitrags ist unter doi: 10.1007/s00106-016-0306-8 zu finden.

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Roemer, A., Staecker, H., Sasse, S. et al. Biologische Therapien in der Otologie. HNO 65, 571–585 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-016-0304-x

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