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Interventionelle Verfahren in der Therapie der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit

Interventional procedures in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

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Zusammenfassung

Bei Patienten mit gastroösophagealer Refluxkrankheit (GERD) sind bei hohem Leidensdruck und unzureichendem Ansprechen auf die medikamentöse Therapie interventionelle Verfahren die einzige Option zur Verbesserung der Symptome und damit der Lebensqualität. In der klinischen Praxis ist entscheidend, ob eine Hiatushernie (HH) vorhanden ist oder nicht bzw. ob diese größer oder kleiner als 2–3 cm ist. Symptomatischen Patienten mit HH > 2–3 cm sollte eine laparoskopische Fundoplikation mit Hiatoplastik empfohlen werden. Patienten mit einer größeren HH kommen nicht mehr für eine endoskopische Therapie infrage, da ein Verschluss der HH endoskopisch nicht möglich ist. Bei den neuen laparoskopischen Methoden (LINX, Elektrostimulation) ist dieser Verschluss zwar theoretisch möglich, allerdings fehlen hier ausreichende Daten, und die eigentlichen Vorteile der Methoden gehen dabei zum Teil verloren. Zurzeit kann Patienten mit GERD und HH außerhalb von Studien nur eine laparoskopische Fundoplikation mit Hiatoplastik empfohlen werden, da nur für diese Methode überzeugende Langzeitdaten vorhanden sind. Hier wiederum scheint es in der klinischen Praxis nicht so wichtig zu sein, welche Art von Fundoplikation durchgeführt wird, entscheidend scheint die Erfahrung des Chirurgen mit der jeweiligen Technik zu sein.

Abstract

For patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who suffer from severe symptoms despite adequate medical therapy, interventional procedures are the only option for improving symptoms and thus the quality of life. In the clinical practice it is decisive if a hiatal hernia (HH) is present or not and whether it is larger or smaller than 2–3 cm. Patients who have a HH > 2–3 cm should undergo laparoscopic fundoplication with hiatal hernia repair. Patients with a larger HH are no longer eligible for endoscopic therapy as closure of the HH is not endoscopically possible. With the new laparoscopic methods (e.g. LINX and electrical stimulation) HH closure is theoretically possible but sufficient data is lacking. Furthermore, if a hiatal closure is additionally carried out the actual advantages of these methods are partly lost. Currently, outside of clinical trials only laparoscopic fundoplication can be recommended for patients with GERD and HH, because convincing long-term data are only available for this method. It seems that in clinical practice it is not so important what type of fundoplication is performed, more important seems to be the experience of the surgeon with the technique.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. O.O. Koch, G. Köhler, H. Wundsam, M. Weitzendorfer, G.O. Spaun und K. Emmanuel geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Koch, O., Köhler, G., Wundsam, H. et al. Interventionelle Verfahren in der Therapie der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit. Chirurg 86, 949–954 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-014-2912-x

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