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Kindliche Adipositas – Folgen für den Bewegungsapparat und Therapieansätze

Muskuloskelettale Komplikationen bei Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Childhood and adolescent obesity—consequences for the locomotor system and treatment options

Musculoskeletal complications of overweight children and adolescents

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die wichtigsten muskuloskelettalen Begleiterkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Übergewicht bzw. Adipositas und bietet Ärzten und Physiotherapeuten eine Hilfestellung zur Diagnostik und Therapie. Verschiedene muskuloskelettale Störungen wie die Epiphysenkopflösung des Femurs und der Morbus Blount treten im Zusammenhang mit Übergewicht und Adipositas auf. Es werden auch erhöhte Frakturraten beobachtet, wobei körperliche Inaktivität und koordinative Probleme zu den Ursachen beitragen. Durch die Adipositas verursachte Veränderungen des Gangmusters haben einen Einfluss auf die skelettalen Adaptionsprozesse. Übergewicht und Adipositas beeinflussen somit die Lokomotion sowohl in funktioneller als auch in struktureller Hinsicht. Zukünftige Studien sind zum besseren Verständnis der pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge und der daraus resultierenden therapeutischen Optionen notwendig.

Abstract

The aim of this article is to present the most relevant musculoskeletal complications known to be associated with being overweight or obese in childhood and adolescence in order to help the clinicians and physiotherapists in the diagnostic and management of these patients. Various musculoskeletal problems like slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Blount disease are well-known complications. More recent studies describe the effects of overweight on musculoskeletal pain and controversial influences on fracture rates. Reduced physical activity is a contributing factor in obesity, but also effects bone mineral accrual. Reduced postural stability and increased falls may be the reason for increased fracture rates. Furthermore these data show relevant changes of locomotion studied by gait analysis. Longitudinal kinematic studies may be needed to understand the entire aspect of gait development in overweight children. Obesity is still a serious health problem and has a relevant impact on the development of a child’s musculoskeletal system. Obesity affects the locomotor sytem both functionally and structurally. Future studies are necessary to help us better understand the pathophysiology and development of optimal therapeutic strategies.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpenerstr.62, 50924, Köln, Deutschland

    E. Schönau

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Schönau, E. Kindliche Adipositas – Folgen für den Bewegungsapparat und Therapieansätze. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 56, 528–531 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-012-1634-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-012-1634-9

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