Abstract
Objectives
To estimate agreement between questionnaire-based frequency measures from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) and 7-day 24-h recall measures of breakfast, lunch and evening meals among 11–15-year-olds, and examine whether disagreement between the two methods varied by socio-demographic factors.
Methods
In one week 11–15-year-old Danish students completed HBSC questionnaires including meal frequency items. The following week they completed daily 24-h recall questionnaire about their meals (response rate 88.4 %, n = 412).
Results
Good to moderate agreement for the breakfast measure: per cent agreement 0.70–0.87, kappa 0.43–0.65. Fair agreement for the lunch measure: per cent agreement 0.53–0.84, kappa 0.26–0.54. High per cent agreement for the evening meal measure (0.83–0.95) but poor kappa agreement (0.14–0.19). Being immigrant predicted disagreement between the two methods for week day breakfast OR (95 % CI) 2.17 (1.16–4.04) and lunch 2.44 (1.33–4.48).
Conclusions
We found good to moderate agreement between frequency and 7-day 24-h recall measures for breakfast, a fair agreement for lunch and for evening meal the two agreement methods provided different results. Migration status predicted disagreement between the two methods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altman DG (1991) Practical statistics for medical researchvol Reprint. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London
Christensen U, Krølner R, Nilsson CJ et al (2014) Addressing social inequality in aging by the Danish occupational social class measurement. J aging health 26:106–127. doi:10.1177/0898264314522894
Cicchetti DV, Feinstein AR (1990) High agreement but low kappa: II. Resolving the paradoxes. J clin epidemiol 43:551–558
Cooper SB, Bandelow S, Nevill ME (2011) Breakfast consumption and cognitive function in adolescent school children. Physiol Behav 103:431–439. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.03.018
Currie C, Nic GS, Godeau E (2009) The health behaviour in school-aged children: WHO collaborative cross-national (HBSC) study: origins, concept, history and development 1982–2008. Int J Public Health 54(2):131–139
Fabritius K, Rasmussen M (2008) [Breakfast habits and overweight in Danish school children. The role of socioeconomic positions]. UgeskrLaeger 170:2559–2563
Fayers PM, Machin D (2007) Quality of life: the assessment, analysis and interpretation of patient-reported outcomes vol, 2nd edn. John Wiley, Chichester
Feinstein AR, Cicchetti DV (1990) High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. J clin epidemiol 43:543–549
Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Lynch JW, Davey Smith G (2006) Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 2). J Epidemiol Community Health 60:95–101. doi:10.1136/jech.2004.028092
Hansen EJ (1986) The living circumstances of the Danish People—1986 compared to 1976: an interview study of 4500 Danish people. Hans Reitzels publisher, Copenhagen
Haraldsdottir J, Thorsdottir I, de Almeida MD, Maes L, Perez RC, Elmadfa I, Frost AL (2005) Validity and reproducibility of a precoded questionnaire to assess fruit and vegetable intake in European 11–12-year-old schoolchildren. Ann Nutr Metab 49:221–227
Hoyland A, Dye L, Lawton CL (2009) A systematic review of the effect of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children and adolescents. Nutr Res Rev 22:220–243
Koletzko B, Toschke AM (2010) Meal patterns and frequencies: do they affect body weight in children and adolescents? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 50:100–105
Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174
Lund TB, Gronow J (2014) Destructuration or continuity? The daily rhythm of eating in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1997 and 2012. Appetite 82:143–153. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.004
Nicklas TA, Baranowski T, Cullen KW, Berenson G (2001) Eating patterns, dietary quality and obesity. J Am Coll Nutr 20:599–608
Pearson N, Biddle SJ, Gorely T (2009) Family correlates of breakfast consumption among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Appetite 52:1–7
Pedersen TP, Meilstrup C, Holstein BE, Rasmussen M (2012) Fruit and vegetable intake is associated with frequency of breakfast, lunch and evening meal: cross-sectional study of 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 9:9. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-9
Pedersen TP, Holstein BE, Flachs EM, Rasmussen M (2013) Meal frequencies in early adolescence predict meal frequencies in late adolescence and early adulthood. BMC Public Health 13:445. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-445
Pereira MA, Erickson E, Mckee P, Schrankler K, Raatz SK, Lytle LA, Pellegrini AD (2011) Breakfast frequency and quality may affect glycemia and appetite in adults and children. J Nutr 1:163–168
Persson Osowski C, Fjellstrom C, Olsson U, Goranzon H (2012) Agreement between child and parent reports of 10–12-year-old children’s meal pattern and intake of snack foods. J Hum Nutr Diet 25:50–58. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01169.x
Rampersaud GC, Pereira MA, Girard BL, Adams J, Metzl JD (2005) Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 105:743–760
Roberts C et al (2009) The health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study: methodological developments and current tensions. Int J Public Health 54(2):140–150
Rockett HR, Berkey CS, Colditz GA (2003) Evaluation of dietary assessment instruments in adolescents. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 6:557–562
Sjöberg A, Hulthén L (2004) Assessment of habitual meal pattern and intake of foods, energy and nutrients in Swedish adolescent girls: comparison of diet history with 7-day record. Eur J Clin Nutr 58:1181–1189. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601947
Sjöberg A, Hallberg L, Höglund D, Hulthén L (2003) Meal pattern, food choice, nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in The Goteborg Adolescence Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 57:1569–1578
Storey KE, Hanning RM, Lambraki IA, Driezen P, Fraser SN, McCargar LJ (2009) Determinants of diet quality among Canadian adolescents. Can J Diet Pract Res 70:58–65
Toschke AM, Kuchenhoff H, Koletzko B, von Kries R (2005) Meal frequency and childhood obesity. Obes Res 13:1932–1938
Utter J, Denny S, Crengle S, Ameratunga S, Clark T, Maddison R, Percival T (2010) Socio-economic differences in eating-related attitudes, behaviours and environments of adolescents. Public Health Nutr:1–6. doi:10.1017/S1368980010001898
Vereecken CA, Maes L (2003) A Belgian study on the reliability and relative validity of the health behaviour in school-aged children food-frequency questionnaire. Public Health Nutr 6:581–588
Vereecken CA, Rossi S, Giacchi MV, Maes L (2008) Comparison of a short food-frequency questionnaire and derived indices with a seven-day diet record in Belgian and Italian children. Int J Public Health 53:297–305
Vereecken CA, de Bourdeaudhuij I, Maes L (2010) The HELENA online food frequency questionnaire: reproducibility and comparison with four 24-h recalls in Belgian-Flemish adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 64:541–548
Vereecken C, Kelly C, Ahluwalia N, Niclasen B, Pedersen TP (2014) Eating Habits. In: Currie C et al. (ed) Health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study protocol: background methodology and mandatory items for the 2013/14 survey. Edinburgh: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Network 2014
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Nordea Foundation [grant number 02-2011-0122] and the TrygFonden.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None of the authors have any conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pedersen, T.P., Holstein, B.E., Laursen, B. et al. Main meal frequency measures in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study: agreement with 7-day 24-h recalls. Int J Public Health 60, 945–952 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0738-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0738-z