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Proteasome inhibition induces DNA damage and reorganizes nuclear architecture and protein synthesis machinery in sensory ganglion neurons

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Abstract

Bortezomib is a reversible proteasome inhibitor used as an anticancer drug. However, its clinical use is limited since it causes peripheral neurotoxicity. We have used Sprague–Dawley rats as an animal model to investigate the cellular mechanisms affected by both short-term and chronic bortezomib treatments in sensory ganglia neurons. Proteasome inhibition induces dose-dependent alterations in the architecture, positioning, shape and polarity of the neuronal nucleus. It also produces DNA damage without affecting neuronal survival, and severe disruption of the protein synthesis machinery at the central cytoplasm accompanied by decreased expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. As a compensatory or adaptive survival response against proteotoxic stress caused by bortezomib treatment, sensory neurons preserve basal levels of transcriptional activity, up-regulate the expression of proteasome subunit genes, and generate a new cytoplasmic perinuclear domain for protein synthesis. We propose that proteasome activity is crucial for controlling nuclear architecture, DNA repair and the organization of the protein synthesis machinery in sensory neurons. These neurons are primary targets of bortezomib neurotoxicity, for which reason their dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of the bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy in treated patients.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Raquel García-Ceballos and María Ruiz Soto for technical assistance. This work was supported by the following grants: “Dirección General de Investigación” of Spain (BFU2011-23983), and “Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED; CB06/05/0037)” from Spain.

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  1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IFIMAV, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain

    Ana Palanca, Iñigo Casafont, María T. Berciano & Miguel Lafarga

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  1. Ana Palanca
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  2. Iñigo Casafont
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  4. Miguel Lafarga
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Correspondence to Miguel Lafarga.

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Palanca, A., Casafont, I., Berciano, M.T. et al. Proteasome inhibition induces DNA damage and reorganizes nuclear architecture and protein synthesis machinery in sensory ganglion neurons. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71, 1961–1975 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1474-2

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