Skip to main content
Log in

Intergranular Energy of Iron and Some Iron Alloys

  • Transaction
  • Published:
JOM Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The energy of the γ-iron grain boundary was determined to be 850 ergs per cm2 at 1105°C. The α/α and the α/γ boundaries possess somewhat less energy. The microstructures of several iron alloys are discussed in terms of the interfacial energy relationships.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. F. Bashforth and J. C. Adams: An Attempt to Test the Theories of Capillary Action. (1883). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Plateau: Statique Experimentale et Theorique des Liquides soumis aux seules Forces moleculaires. (1873). Paris. Gauthier-Villars.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Neumann: Theorie der Capillaritat. p. 162. (1894). Leipzig. B. G. Teubner.

    Google Scholar 

  4. C. S. Smith: Grains, Phases, and Interfaces: An Interpretation of Microstructure. Trans. AIME. (1948), 175, pp. 15–51; Metals Technology (June 1948) TP 2387 E.

    Google Scholar 

  5. N. K. Adam: The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces. 3rd Ed. (1941). London. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. Udin, A. J. Shaler, and J. Wulff: The Surface Tension of Solid Copper. Trans. AIME (1949) 185, pp. 186–190; Journal of Metals (Feb. 1949) TP 2530 E.

    Google Scholar 

  7. B. Berggren: Uber eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Obernachenspannung Amorpher Korpen. Ann. d. Physik (1914), 44, Ser. 4, p. 61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. G. L. C. Bailey and H. C. Watkins: Surface Energies in the System Solid Copper-Molten Lead. Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) (1950) 63B, p. 350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Harker and E. Parker: Grain Shape and Grain Growth. Trans. ASM. (1945), 34, pp. 156–195.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. C. Fisher: Measurement of Interfacial Tensions. Trans. AIME (1948) 175, p. 906; Metals Technology (June 1948) TN 1E.

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. G. Dunn and F. Lionetti: The Effect of Orientation Difference on Grain Boundary Energies. Trans. AIME (1949) 185, pp. 125–132; Metals Technology (Feb. 1949) TP 2517 E.

    Google Scholar 

  12. O. Reuleaux: Reaktionen und Gleichgewichte im System Cu-Fe-S mit besonder Berucksichtigung des Kupfersteine. Metall und Erz (1927) 24, pp. 99–111; Ibid., pp. 129–134.

    Google Scholar 

  13. S. Sugden: Determination of Surface Tension from the Rise in Capillary Tubes. Journal Amer. Chem. Soc. (1925) 47, pp. 60–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. B. N. Daniloff: Cu-Fe Copper Iron. Metals Handbook, (Cleveland: American Society for Metals, 1948), p. 1196.

    Google Scholar 

  15. E. S. Greiner, J. S. Marsh, and B. Stoughton: The Alloys of Iron and Silicon, p. 141. (1933) New York. McGraw-Hill Book Co.

    Google Scholar 

  16. K. K. Ikeuye and C. S. Smith: Studies of Interfacial Energies in Some Aluminum and Copper Alloys. Trans. AIME (1949) 185, pp. 762–768; Journal of Metals (Oct. 1949) TP 2691 E.

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Chipman: Fe-S Iron-Sulphur. Metals Handbook, (Cleveland: American Society for Metals, 1948), p. 1215.

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. Vogel, and W. Fulling: The System Fe-FeS-FeO. Fostkrift J. Arvid Hedvall (1948) pp. 577–610.

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. W. Gurry, L. S. Darken, and O. Anderson: The Melting Diagrams of the System Iron Oxide-Iron Sulphide. U. S. Steel Research Lab. (1940) Unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  20. C. E. Sims, H. A. Sailer, and F. W. Boulger: Relative Deoxidizing Power of Some Deoxidizers for Steel. Trans. AIME (1949) 185, pp. 814–825; Journal of Metals (Nov. 1949) TP 2557 C.

    Google Scholar 

  21. P. Schwartzkopf: Infiltration of Powder Metal Compacts with Liquid Metal. Metal Progress (1950) 57, pp. 64–68.

    Google Scholar 

  22. W. Krause, F. Sauerwald, and M. Michalke: Die Obernachspannung Geschmelzener Metalle und Legoirungen. Ztsch. f. Inor. Chem. (1929) 181, pp. 353–371.

    Google Scholar 

  23. G. Derge, A. R. Kommel, and R. F. Mehl: Some Factors Influencing Austenitic Grain Size in High Purity Steel. Trans. ASM (1938) 26, pp. 153–172.

    Google Scholar 

  24. C. Zener: Communication to C. S. Smith. “Grains, Phases, and Interfaces.” op. cit.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Discussion of this paper, TP 3029E, may be sent (2 copies) to AIME by May 1, 1951. Manuscript, Oct. 9, 1950; revision, Jan. 12 1951. St. Louis Meeting, February 1951.

This paper represents part of a thesis by the author submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of Chicago.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Van Vlack, L.H. Intergranular Energy of Iron and Some Iron Alloys. JOM 3, 251–259 (1951). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03397307

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03397307

Navigation