Abstract
An improved TM110 resonator for continuous-wave and time-resolved electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) studies at X-band frequencies is described that has been designed with small samples and/or light excitation in mind. The filling factor is increased by reducing the resonator length to only 16 mm. The radio-frequency field is generated by either a conventional solenoid for stable samples or by a pair of coils for samples which require photoexcitation. This arrangement leaves the central volume of the resonator free for optimal sample illumination, which is achieved through a slit in the wall of the resonator. Microwave coupling is achieved by the incorporation of an iris in the top of the resonator, and magnetic field modulation is applied by external coils. The resonator’s high sensitivity is illustrated by a study of the temperature dependence of the continuous-wave ENDOR signal of the stable neutral flavin radical in DNA photolyase and an investigation of the photoexcited triplet state of free-base tetraphenylbacteriochlorin by time-resolved ENDOR.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Feher G.: Phys. Rev.103, 834–835 (1956)
Kurreck H., Kirste B., Lubitz W.: Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Spectroscopy of Radicals in Solution. New York: Wiley 1988.
Forrer J., Pfenninger S., Eisenegger J., Schweiger A.: Rev. Sci. Instrum.61, 3360–3367 (1990)
Christides T., Froncisz W., Oles T., Hyde J.S.: Rev. Sci. Instrum.65, 63–67 (1994)
Forrer J., Pfenninger S., Sierra G., Jeschke G., Schweiger A., Wagner B., Weiland T.: Appl. Magn. Reson.10, 263–279 (1996)
Grishin Yu., Kay C.W.M., Doubinskii A.A., Möbius K.: Appl. Magn. Reson.13, 387–392 (1997)
Biehl R., Plato M., Möbius K.: J. Chem. Phys.63, 3515–3522 (1975)
Biehl R., Lubitz W., Möbius K., Plato M.: J. Chem. Phys.66, 2074–2078 (1977)
Möbius K., Biehl R. in: Multiple Electron Resonance Spectroscopy (Dorio M.M., Freed J.H., eds.), pp. 475–509. New York: Plenum 1979.
Lendzian F.: PhD thesis, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 1982.
Möhl W., de Boer E.: J. Phys. E18, 479–481 (1985)
Zweygart W., Thanner R., Lubitz W.: J. Magn. Reson. A109, 172–176 (1994)
Kay C.W.M., Feicht R., Schulz K., Sadewater P., Sancar A., Bacher A., Möbius K., Richter G., Weber S.: Biochemistry38, 16740–16748 (1999)
Weber S.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta1707, 1–23 (2005)
Fajer J., Borg D.C., Forman A., Felton R.H., Dolphin D., Vegh L.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA71, 994–998 (1974)
Frisch M.J., Trucks G.W., Schlegel H.B., Scuseria G.E., Robb M.A., Cheeseman J.R., Montgomery J.J.A., Vreven T., Kudin K.N., Burant J.C., Millam J.M., Iyengar S.S., Tomasi J., Barone V., Mennucci B., Cossi M., Scalmani G., Rega N., Petersson G.A., Nakatsuji H., Hada M., Ehara M., Toyota K., Fukuda R., Hasegawa J., Ishida M., Nakajima T., Honda Y., Kitao O., Nakai H., Klene M., Li X., Knox J.E., Hratchian, H.P., Cross J.B., Bakken V., Adamo C., Jaramillo J., Gomperts R., Stratmann R.E., Yazyev O., Austin A.J., Cammi R., Pomelli C., Ochterski J.W., Ayala P.Y., Morokuma K., Voth G.A., Salvador P., Dannenberg J.J., Zakrzewski V.G. Dapprich S., Daniels A.D., Strain M.C., Farkas O., Malick D.K., Rabuck A.D., Raghavachari K., Foresman J.B., Ortiz J.V., Cui Q., Baboul A.G., Clifford S., Cioslowski J., Stefanov B.B., Liu G., Liashenko A., Piskorz P., Komaromi I., Martin R.L., Fox D.J., Keith T., Al-Laham M.A., Peng C.Y., Nanayakkara A., Challacombe M., Gill P.M.W., Johnson B., Chen W., Wong M.W., Gonzalez C., Pople J.A., Gaussian 03. Pittsburgh, Pa: Gaussian, Inc. 2003.
Poole C.R.: Electron Spin Resonance. New York: Wiley 1967.
Möbius K., Plato M., Lubitz W.: Phys. Rep.87, 171–208 (1982)
Torrey H.C.: Phys. Rev.76, 1059–1068 (1949)
Stehlik D., Bock C.H., Thurnauer M.C. in: Advanced EPR: Applications in Biology and Biochemistry (Hoff A.J., ed.), pp. 370–403. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1989.
Glarum S.H., Marshall J.H.: J. Chem. Phys.44, 2884–2890 (1966)
Hass C., Kirste B., Kurreck H., Schlömp G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.105, 7375–7383 (1983)
Weber S., Kay C.W.M., Bacher A., Richter G., Bittl R.: Chem. Phys. Chem.6, 292–299 (2005)
Weber S., Möbius K., Richter G., Kay C.W.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.123, 3790–3798 (2001)
Kurreck H., Bretz N.H., Helle N., Henzel N., Weilbacher E.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 284, 3293–3306 (1988)
Kevan L., Kispert L.D.: Electron Spin Double Resonance Spectroscopy. New York: Wiley 1976.
Hyde J.S., Rist G.H., Eriksson L.E.G.: J. Phys. Chem.72, 4269–4276 (1968)
Kay C.W.M., Di Valentin M., Möbius K.: J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 21997, 2563–2568 (1997)
Kay C.W.M., Gromadecki U., Törring J.T., Weber S.: Mol. Phys.99, 1413–1420 (2001)
Kay C.W.M: J. Am. Chem. Soc.125, 13861–13867 (2003)
Kowalczyk R.M., Schleicher E., Bittl R., Weber S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.126, 11393–11399 (2004)
Hornig A.W., Hyde J.S.: Mol. Phys.6, 33–41 (1963)
O’Malley P.J., Babcock G.T.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA81, 1098–1101 (1984)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kay, C.W.M., Grishin, Y.A., Weber, S. et al. An improved TM110 resonator for continuous-wave ENDOR studies at X-band. Appl. Magn. Reson. 31, 599–609 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03166605
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03166605