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Opvoeding en de ontwikkeling van grandioos en kwetsbaar narcisme: Een overzicht

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Kind en adolescent

samenvatting

De basis van de narcistische persoonlijkheid wordt gelegd in de kindertijd. Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van empirisch onderzoek naar de opvoedingsfactoren die van invloed kunnen zijn op de ontwikkeling van narcisme – in het bijzonder van de grandioze en kwetsbare subtypes van narcisme. Onderzoek suggereert dat de ontwikkeling van beide subtypes kan worden bevorderd door enerzijds (excessieve) ouderlijke permissiviteit en anderzijds ouderlijke ‘overwaardering’ of juist koudheid en afwijzing. Beloninggevoelig temperament van het kind kan deze invloeden versterken. Daarnaast is gebleken dat de ontwikkeling van kwetsbaar (maar niet grandioos) narcisme kan worden gestimuleerd door ouderlijke psychologische controle. Strafgevoelig temperament van het kind kan deze invloed versterken. Cross-cultureel, prospectief longitudinaal onderzoek is nodig om de causaliteit en generaliseerbaarheid van deze verbanden vast te stellen. Narcisme is een groeiend probleem in de westerse samenleving, en we hopen dat kennis van de socialisatie van narcisme deze trend kan keren.

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    Eddie Brummelman Bsc.

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  1. Eddie Brummelman Bsc.
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  2. Sander C. E. Thomaes
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Correspondence to Eddie Brummelman Bsc..

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Bsc. E. Brummelman is student Social and Health Psychology aan de Universiteit Utrecht.

Dr. S. C. E. Thomaes is universitair docent ontwikkelingspsychologie aan de Universiteit Utrecht.

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Brummelman, E., Thomaes, S.C.E. Opvoeding en de ontwikkeling van grandioos en kwetsbaar narcisme: Een overzicht. KIAD 31, 116–130 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03089712

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