Abstract
Biological properties and dsRNA patterns of one Cyprus and three Turkish isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were investigated. In addition, CTV antigen concentration and effect of tissue sampling time from naturally infected Shamouti sweet orange trees grown in the field of Icel Province, Turkey, were also determined. The Cyprus isolate showed vein clearing symptoms on grapefruit, ‘Madam Vinous’ and Mexican lime and stem pitting symptoms on Mexican lime. The three Turkish isolates showed only vein clearing symptoms on Mexican lime. All four isolates showed a full-length major double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) band of 13.3 × 106 Da mol. wt in extracts from infected Madam Vinous sweet orange trees, and major or minor dsRNA bands with 2.0. 0.8 and 0.5 × 106 mol.wt. All seven different citrus varieties inoculated with the Igdir (D) strain contained full-length dsRNA. The additional two dsRNA of 0.8 and 0.5 × 106 mol.wt were also detected as clearly as full-length dsRNA in these hosts, but were weaker inCitrus exelsa and ‘Interdonat’ lemon. Madam Vinous, rough lemon and Mexican lime were the best hosts for dsRNA analysis. ELISA values were highest in April (OD405nm =0.476), decreased steadily until August, and then increased gradually through December. ELISA values were lowest in July and August (OD405nm =0.157 and 0.141, respectively). dsRNA recovery from a field tree infected with isolate Igdir D was good in March, April and May and poor in January and February. No dsRNA band was detected in August or September.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albertini, D., Vogel, R., Bove, C. and Bove, J.M. (1988) Transmission and preliminary characterization of citrus tristeza virus strain K.Proc. 10th Conf. IOVC (Riverside, CA, USA), pp. 17–21.
Ayllon, M.A., Rubio, L., Moya, A., Guerri, J. and Moreno, P. (1999) The haplotype distribution of two genes of citrus tristeza virus is altered after host change or aphid transmission.Virology 255:32–39.
Bar-Joseph, M., Garnsey, S.M. and Gonsalves, D. (1979) The closteroviruses: A distinct group of elongated plant viruses.Adv. Virus Res. 25:93–168.
Bar-Joseph, M. and Lee, R.F. (1989) Citrus tristeza virus.AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses No. 353.
Bozarth, R.F. and Harley, F.H. (1976) The electrophoretic mobility of double-stranded RNA in polyacrylamide gels as a function of molecular weight.Biochem. Biophys. Acta 432:329–335
Cinar, A., Kersting, U., Onelge, N., Korkmaz, S. and Sas, G. (1993) Citrus virus and virus-like diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.Proc. 12th Conf. IOCV (New Delhi, India), pp. 397–400.
Dodds, J.A. (1986) The potential for using double-stranded RNAs as diagnostic probes for plant viruses.in: Developments and Applications in Virus Testing. Association of Applied Biologists, Wellsbourne, Warwick, UK. pp. 71–86.
Dodds, J.A. and Bar-Joseph, M. (1983) Double-stranded RNA from plants infected with closteroviruses.Phytopathology 73:419–423.
Dodds, J.A., Jarupat, T., Lee, J.G. and Roistacher, C.N. (1987) Effect of strain, host, time of harvest and virus concentration on double-stranded RNA analysis of citrus tristeza virus.Phytopathology 77:442–447.
Dodds, J.A., Morris, T.J. and Jordan, R.L. (1984) Plant viral double-stranded RNA.Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 22:151–168.
d’Urso, F., Ayllon, M.A., Rubio, L., Sambade A., Hermosa de Mendoza, J. and Moreno, P. (2000) Contribution of uneven distribution of genomic RNA variants of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) within the plant to changes in the viral population following aphid transmission.Plant Pathol. 49:288–294.
Febres, V.J., Ashoulin, L., Mawassi, M., Frank, A., Bar-Joseph, M., Manjuanath, K.L.et al. (1996) The p27 protein is present at one end of citrus tristeza virus particles.Phytopathology 86:1331–1335.
Garnsey, S.M. and Cambra, M. (1991) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for citrus pathogens. pp. 193–216.in: Roistacher, C.N. [Ed.] Graft-transmissible Diseases of Citrus — Handbook for Detection and Diagnosis. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Garnsey, S.M., Gumpf, D.J., Roistacher, C.N., Civerolo, E.L., Lee, R.F., Yokomi, R.K.et al. (1987) Toward a standardized evaluation of the biological properties of citrus tristeza virus.Phytophylactica 19:151–157.
Grant, T.J. (1959) Tristeza virus strains in relation to different citrus species used as test plants.Phytopathology 49:23–27.
Gumpf, D.J., Bar-Joseph, M. and Dodds, J.A. (1981) Purification of citrus tristeza virus on sucrose cesium sulphate cushion gradients and estimation of its RNA size.Phytopathology 71:878–881.
Hilf, M.E., Karasev, A.V., Pappu, H.R., Gumpf, D.J., Niblett, C.L. and Garnsey, S.M. (1995) Characterization of citrus tristeza virus subgenomic RNAs in infected tissue.Virology 208:576–582.
Iglio, G.L. (1983) A silver stain for the detection of nanogram amounts of tRNA following two-dimensional electrophoresis.Anal. Biochem. 134:184–188.
Karasev, A.V., Boyko, V.P., Gowda, S., Nikolaeva, O.V., Hilf, M.E., Koonin, E.V.et al. (1995) Complete sequence of the citrus tristeza virus RNA genome.Virology 208:511–520.
Kyriakou, A., Polycarpou, D., Efstathiou, A. and Hadjinicoli, A. (1993) Citrus tristeza virus in Cyprus.Proc. 12th Conf. IOCV (New Delhi, India), pp. 69–72.
Mathews, D.M., Riley, K. and Dodds, J.A. (1997) Comparison of detection methods for citrus tristeza virus in field trees during months on nonoptimal titer.Plant Dis. 81:525–529.
Mawassi, M., Karasev, A.V., Mietkiewska, E., Gafny, R., Lee, R.F., Dawson, W.O.et al. (1995) Defective RNA molecules associated with citrus tristeza virus.Virology 208:383–387.
Mawassi, M., Mietkiewska, E., Gofman, R., Yang, G. and Bar-Joseph, M. (1996) Unusual sequence relationships between two isolates of citrus tristeza virus.J. Gen. Virol. 77:2359–2364.
McClean, A.P.D. (1974) The tristeza virus complex.Proc. 6th Conf. IOCV (Berkeley, CA, USA), pp. 59–66.
Moreno, P., Guerri, J. and Munoz, N. (1990) Identification of Spanish strains of citrus tristeza virus by analysis of double-stranded RNA.Phytopathology 80:477–482.
Morris, T.J. and Dodds, J.A. (1979) Isolation and analysis of double-stranded RNA from virus infected plant and fungal tissue.Phytopathology 69:854–858.
Morris, T.J., Dodds, J.A., Hillman, B., Jordan, R.L., Lommel, S.A. and Tamaki, S.J. (1983) Viral specific dsRNA: Diagnostic value for plant virus disease identification.Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 1:27–30.
Price, W.C. (1970) Citrus tristeza virus. Commonwealth Mycological Institute/Association of Applied Biologists.Descriptions of Plant Viruses No. 33.
Rocha-Pena, M.A., Lee, L.F., Lastra, R., Niblett, C.L., Ochoa-Corona, F.M., Garnsey, S.M.et al. (1995) Citrus tristeza virus and its aphid vectorToxoptera citricida.Plant Dis. 79:437–445.
Roistacher, C.N. (1976) Detection of citrus viruses by graft transmission: A review.Proc. 7th Conf. IOCV (Riverside, CA, USA), pp. 175–184.
Roistacher, C.N. and Moreno, P. (1991) The worldwide threat from destructive isolates of citrus tristeza virus. A review.Proc. 11th Conf. IOCV (Boca Raton, FL, USA), pp. 7–19.
Tsai, M.C., Su, H.J. and Garnsey, S.M. (1993) Comparative study of stem-pitting strains of CTV in the Asian countries.Proc. 12th Conf. IOCV (New Delhi, India), pp. 16–19.
Valverde, R.A. and Dodds, J.A. (1986) Evidence for a satellite RNA associated naturally with the U5 strain and experimentally with the U1 strain of tobacco mosaic virus.J. Gen. Virol. 67:1875–1884.
Valverde, R.A., Dodds, J.A. and Heick, J.A. (1986) Double-stranded ribonucleic acid from plants infected with viruses having elongated particles and undivided genomes.Phytopathology 76:459–465.
Valverde, R.A., Nameth, S.T. and Jordan, R.L. (1990) Analysis of double-stranded RNA for plant virus diagnosis.Plant Dis. 74:255–258.
Zeman, V. (1931) Una enfermadad nueva en los naranjales de Corrientes.Physis 19:410–411.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 9, 2002.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Korkmaz, S. Investigation of biological properties, double-stranded RNA patterns and antigen concentration in citrus species infected with citrus tristeza virus. Phytoparasitica 30, 420–428 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979690
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979690