Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mitogens and hepatocyte growth control in vivo and in vitro

  • Invited Review
  • Published:
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 01 December 1990

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Abraham, L.; Bradshaw, A. D.; Shiels, B. R., et al. Hepatic transcription of the acute phase ±1-inhibitor III gene is controlled by a novel combination of cis- and transacting regulatory elements. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:3483–3491; 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Adamo, S.; Nervi, C.; Ceci, R., et al. Protein kinase C in cell proliferation and differentiation. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. USA 551:369–371; 1988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Almendral, J. M.; Sommer, D.; MacDonald-Bravo, H., et al. Complexity of the early genetic response to growth factors in mouse fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2140–2148; 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson, K. D.; Thompson, J. A.; DiPietro, J. M., et al. Gene expression in implanted rat hepatocytes following retroviral-mediated gene transfer. Somatic Cell Mol. Gen. 15:215–227; 1989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Angel, P.; Imagawa, M.; Chiu, R., et al. Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Cell 49:729–739; 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Auger, G.; Blanot, D.; Vanheije, J., et al. Purification and partial characterization of a hepatocyte antiproliferative glycopeptide. J. Cell Biochem. 40:439–451; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brachmann, R.; Lindquist, P. B.; Nagashima, M., et al. Transmembrane TGF-alpha precursors activate EGF/TGF-alpha receptors. Cell 56:691–700; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Braciak, T. A.; Northermann, W.; Hudson, G. O., et al. Sequence and acute phase regulation of ±1-Inhibitor III messenger RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 263:3999–4012; 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Braun, L.; Mead, J. E.; Panzica, M., et al. Transforming growth factor beta mRNA increases during liver regeneration: a possible paracrine mechanism of growth regulation. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:1539–1543; 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brenner, D. A.; Koch, K. S.; Leffert, H. L. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) initiates proto-oncogene c-JUN expression and a mitogenic program in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. DNA 8:279–285; 1989a.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brenner, D. A.; Alcorn, J. M.; Rippe, R. A., et al. Stimulation of FOS and JUN during hepatic regeneration and growth reinitiation in primary adult hepatocyte cultures. Hepatology 10:669; 1989b.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bucher, N. L. R. Regeneration of mammalian liver. Internatl. Rev. Cytol. 15:245–300; 1963.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bucher, N. L. R.; Swaffield, M. N. Regulation of hepatic regeneration by synergistic action of insulin and glucagon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:1157–1160; 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bucher, N. L. R.; Patel, U.; Cohen, S. Hormonal factors concerned with liver regeneration. In: Porter, R.; Whelan, J., eds. Hepatotrophic factors. Ciba Found. Symp. 55. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1978:95–107.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen, C.; Okayama, H. High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2745–2752; 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chiu, R.; Boyle, W. J.; Meek, J., et al. The c-FOS protein interacts with c-JUN/AP-1 to stimulate transcription of AP-1 responsive genes. Cell 54:541–552; 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chojkier, M.; Brenner, D. A.; Leffert, H. L. Vasopressin inhibits Type-I collagen and albumin gene expression in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 264:9583–9591; 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Coughlin, S. R.; Barr, P. J.; Coureus, L. S., et al. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors stimulate tryosine kinase activity in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 263:988–993; 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. de Hemptinne, B.; Leffert, H. L. Selective effects of portal blood diversion and of glucagon on rat hepatocyte rates of S-phase entry and DNA synthesis. Endocrinology 112:1224–1232; 1983.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Diaz-Gil, J. J.; Escartin, P.; Garcia-Canero, R., et al. Purification of a liver DNA synthesis promoter from plasma of partially hepatoctomized rats. Biochem. J. 235:49–55; 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Doolittle, R. F. Of Urfs and Orfs. A primer on how to analyze derived amino acid sequences. Mill Valley, CA: University Science; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fung, M. R.; Hay, C. W.; MacGillivray, R. T. A. Characterization of an almost full-length cDNA coding for human blood coagulation factor X. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:3591–3595; 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Giordano, G.; Van Wyk, J. J.; Minuto, F., eds. Somatomedins and Growth. London: Academic Press; 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Goldberg, M. Purification and partial characterization of a liver cell proliferation factor called hepatopoietin. J. Cell. Biochem. 27:291–302; 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Graham, F. L.; van der Eb, A. J. Transformation of rat cells by DNA of human adenovirus 5. Virology 52:456–467; 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. harris, H. The biology of tumour suppression. Ciba Foundation Symposium 142:199–208; 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hayashi, I.; Carr, B. I. DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes: Inhibition by a platelet factor and stimulation by an endogenous factor. J. Cell. Physiol. 125:82–90; 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Holt, J.; Gopal, T. V.; Moulton, A. D., et al. Inducible production of c-fos antisense RNA inhitis 3T3 cell proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:4794–4798; 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Johnson, G. L.; MacAndrew, V. I.; Pilch, P. F. Identification of the glucagon receptor in rat liver membranes by photoaffinity crosslinking. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:875–878; 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kan, M.; Huang, J.; Mansson, P. E., et al. Heparin-binding growth factor type 1 (acidic fibroblast growth factor): a potential biphasic autocrine and paracrine regulator of hepatocyte regeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86:7432–7436; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Koch, K. S. Biological studies of the control of rat hepatocyte proliferation in primary culture. Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, San Diego; 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Koch, K.; Leffert, H. L. Growth control of differentiated fetal rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. VI. Studies with conditioned medium and its functional interactions with serum factors. J. Cell. Biol. 62:780–791; 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Koch, K. S.; Leffert, H. L. Increased sodium ion influx is necessary to initiate rat hepatocyte proliferation. Cell 18:153–163; 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Koch, K. S.; Leffert, H. L. Growth control of differentiated adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 349:111–127; 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Koch, K. S.; Shapiro, P.; Skelly, H., et al. Rat hepatocyte proliferation is stimulated by insulin-like peptides in defined medium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 109:1054–1060; 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Krebs, E. G. Role of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in signal transduction. JAMA 262:1815–1818; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kruijer, W.; Skelly, H.; Botteri, F., et al. Proto-oncogene expression in regenerating liver is simulated in cultures of primary adult rat hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 261:7929–7933; 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. LaBrecque, D. R.; Wilson, M.; Rinderknecht, C., et al. Purification of hepatic-stimulator substance (HSS) and characterization of the early steps in its initiation of HTC hepatoma cell DNA synthesis. Hepatology 6:1231; 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. LaBrecque, D. R.; Steele, G.; Fogarty, S., et al. Purfication and physical-chemical characterization of hepatic stimulator substance. Hepatology 7:100–106; 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ledley, F. D.; Darlington, G. J.; Hahn, T., et al. Retroviral gene transfer into primary hepatocytes: implications for genetic therapy of liver specific functions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:5335–5339; 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lee, M.; Nurse, P. Cell cycle control genes in fission yeast and mammalian cells. Trends Genet. 4:287–290; 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Leffert, H. L. Growth control of differentiation fetal rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. VII. Hormonal control of DNA synthesis and its possible significance to the problem of liver regeneration. J. Cell. Biol. 62:792–801; 1974a.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Leffert, H. L. Growth control of differentiated fetal rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. V. Occurrence in dialyzed fetal bovine serum of macromolecules having both positive and negative growth regulatory functions. J. Cell. Biol. 62:767–779; 1974b.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Leffert, H. L. Hepatocellular growth control. In; Newberne, P.; Butler, W., eds. Rat hepatic neoplasia. MIT Press; 1978:180–216.

  45. Leffert, H. L. Growth regulation by ion fluxes. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 339:1–335; 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Leffert, H. L. Monovalent cations, cell proliferation and cancer: An overview. In: Boynton, A.; McKeehan, W. L.; Whitfield, J. F., eds. Ions, cell proliferation and cancer, New York: Academic Press; 1982:93–102.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Leffert, H. L.; Weinstein, D. B. Growth control of differentiated fetal rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. IX. Specific inhibition of DNA synthesis initiation by very low density lipoprotein and possible significance to the problem of liver regeneration. J. Cell. Biol. 70:20–32; 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S. Control of animal cell proliferation. In: Rothblat, G. H.; Cristofalo, V. J., eds. Growth, nutrition and metabolism of cells in culture. New York, London and San Francisco: Academic Press; Vol. III. 1977:225–294.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S. Proliferation of hepatocytes. In hepatotrophic factors. CIBA Foundation Symposium, No. 55 1978:61–83.

  50. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S. Monovalent cations and the control of hepatocyte proliferation in chemically defined medium. In: Boynton, A.; McKeehan, W. L.; Whitfield, J. F., eds. Ions, cell proliferation and cancer, New York: Academic Press; 1982a:103–130.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S. Hepatocyte growth regulation by hormones in chemically-defined medium: a two-signal hypothesis. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Cell Proliferation 9:597–613; 1982b.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S. Experimental issues in hepatocyte growth control studies in primary culture. In: Murakami, H.; Yamane, I.; Barnes, D. W., et al., eds. Growth and differentiation of cells in defined environment. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1985a:9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S. Growth regulation by sodium ion influxes. In: Boynton, A. L.; Leffert, H. L., eds. Control of animal cell proliferation, Vol. I. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press; 1985b:367–413.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Leffert, H.; Alexander, N. M.; Faloona, G., et al. Specific endocrine and hormonal receptor changes associated with liver regeneration in adult rats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:4033–4036; 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Leffert, H. L.; Moran, T.; Boorstein, R. T., et al. Procarcinogen activation and hormonal control of cell proliferation in differentiated primary adult rat liver cell cultures. Nature 267:58–61; 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S.; Rubalcava, B., et al. Hepatocyte growth control:in vitro approach to problems of liver regeneration and function. Natl. Canc. Inst. Monogr. 48:87–101; 1978a.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Leffert, H.; Moran, T.; Sell, S., et al. Growth state dependent phenotypes of adult hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:1834–1838; 1978b.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S.; Moran, T., et al. Liver Cells. In: Colowick, S. P.; Kaplan, N. O., eds. Methods in enzymology, Vol. 58. 1979a: 536–544.

  59. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S.; Moran, T., et al. Hormonal control of rat liver regeneration. Gastroenterology 76:1470–1482; 1979b.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S.; Lad, P. J., et al. “Hepatocyte growth factors”. In: Zakim, D.; Boyer, T. D., eds. Hepatology, Chapter 3 Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1982:64–75.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Leffert, H. L. Koch, K. S.; Lad, P. J. et al. Glucagon and liver regeneration. In: Lefebvre, P., ed. Handbook of experimental pharamacology. Vol. 66, No. 1, “Glucagon” (Chapter 21) 1983:453–484.

  62. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S.; Shapiro, P., et al. Primary cultures, monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acid probes as tools for studies of hepatic structure and function. In: Tygstrup N.; Orlandi, F., eds. Cirrhosis of the liver. Methodology and fields of research. Elsevier Press; 1987:121–140.

  63. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S.; Lad, P. J., et al. Hepatocyte regeneration, replication and differentiation. In: Arias, I.; Popper, H.; Schacter, D., et al. eds. The liver: biology and pathobiology, Second Edition. New York: Raven Press; 1988:833–850.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Leffert, H.; Koch, K. S.; Martinez-Conde, A., et al. Hepatocyte proliferation: growth factors and control mechanisms. In: Crabtree, G.; Fey, G.; Tilghman, S., eds. “Regulation of liver gene expression.” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Symposium; 1989:203.

  65. Leffert, H. L.; Koch, K. S.; Brownlee, G. G., et al. Retroviral vector infection and transplantation in rats of primary fetal rat hepatocytes. Submitted: 1990a.

  66. Leffect, H. L.; Koch, K. S.; Lu, X. P., et al. Cellular and molecular biology of hepatocyte growth, regeneration and gene expression. In: Nishizuka, Y.; Endo, M.; Tanaka, C., eds. The biology and medicine of signal transduction. Advances in second messenger and phosphoprotein research. New York: Raven Press; 1990b:352–358.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Mead, J. E.; Fausto, H. Transforming growth factor α may be a physiological regulator of liver regeneration by means of an autocrine mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:1558–1562; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Mitchison, J. M. The biology of the cell cycle. London and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press; 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Miyazawa, K.; Tsubouchi, H.; Naka, D., et al. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for human hepatocyte growth factor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communic. 163:967–973; 1989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Moses, A. C.; Pilistine, S. J. Insulin-like growth factors. In: Boynton, A. L.; Leffert, H. L. eds. Control of animal cell proliferation, vol. 1. Orlando, Florida; Academic Press; 1985:91–120.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Nakamura, T.; Arakaki, R.; Ichihara, A. Interleukin-1-beta is a potent growth inhibitor of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Expt. Cell Res. 179:488–497; 1988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Nakamura, T.; Nishizawa, T.; Hagiya, M., et al. Molecular cloning and expression of human hepatocyte growth factor. Nature 342:440–443; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Northemann, W.; Shiels, B. R.; Braciak, T. A., et al. Structure and negative transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoids of the acute-phase rat ±1-inhibitor III gene. Biochemistry 28:84–95; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Paul, D.; Piasecki, A.; Baisch, H., et al. Altered growth factor requirements and cell cycle control in rat hepatoma cells versus adult rat hepatocytes in culture. Eur. J. Cell. Biol. 46:270–274; 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Potter, V. R. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis in relation to studies on minimal deviation hepatomas. In: Exploitable molecular mechanisms and neoplasia; a collection of papers. Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, 22nd, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins: 1969:587.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Richman, R. A.; Claus, T. H.; Pilkis, S. J., et al. Hormonal stimulation of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:3589–3593; 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Rippe, R. A.; Brenner, D. A.; Leffert, H. L. DNA-mediated gene transfer into adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:689–695; 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Schlessinger, J. The epidermal growth factor receptor as a multifunctional allosteric protein. Biochemistry 27:3119–3123; 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Schlessinger, J.; Ullrich, A.; Honegger, A. M., et al. Signal transduction by epidermal growth factor receptor. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantiative Biology 53(Pt 1):515–519; 1988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Sefton, B.; Rubin, H. Release from density-dependent growth inhibition by proteolytic enzymes. Nature 227:843–845; 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Sell, S.; Leffert, H. L. An evaluation of cellular lineages in the pathogenesis of experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2:77–86; 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Shafritz, D. A. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of liver gene expression during various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Sem. Liv. Dis. 8:285–292; 1988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Short, J.; Brown, R. F.; Husakova, A., et al. Induction of DNA synthesis in the liver of the intact animal. J. Biol. Chem. 247:1757–1766; 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Sporn, M. B.; Roberts, A. B. Transforming growth factor-beta: new chemical forms and new biological roles. Biofactors 1:89–93; 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Stamatoyannopoulos, G.; Nienhuis, A. W.; Leder, P.; Majerus, P. W., eds. In: The molecular basis of blood diseases. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1987:534–688.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Tur-Kaspa, R.; Teicher, L.; Levine, B. J., et al. Use of electroporation to introduce biologically active foreign genes into primary rat hepatocytes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:716–718; 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Wilson, J. M.; Jefferson, D. M.; Chowdhury, J. R., et al. Retrovirus-mediated transduction of adult hepatocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3014–3018; 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Wolff, J. A.; Yee, J. K.; Skelly, H., et al. Expression of retrovirally transduced genes in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:3344–3348; 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Zarnegar, R.; Michalopoulos, G. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of rabbit hepatopoeitin A, a heparin-binding polypeptide growth factor for hepatocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communic. 163:1370–1376; 1989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, California

    K. S. Koch, X. P. Lu & H. L. Leffert

  2. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, California

    D. A. Brenner (PEW scholar in the Biomedical Sciences)

  3. Department of Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, California

    D. A. Brenner (PEW scholar in the Biomedical Sciences) & H. L. Leffert

  4. Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, 92037, La Jolla, California

    G. H. Fey

  5. Biochemistry Department, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    A. Martinez-Conde

Authors
  1. K. S. Koch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. X. P. Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. A. Brenner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. H. Fey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. Martinez-Conde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. H. L. Leffert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This work was supported by grants from the NIH [DK28215 (H. L. L.), GM41804 (D. A. B.), AI22166 (G. H. F.)], NSF [DCB86-16740 (H. L. L.)], ACS [IN93R (K. S. K.)], Veterans Administration (D. A. B.), and the Children's Liver Foundation (G. H. F.).

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02623700.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Koch, K.S., Lu, X.P., Brenner, D.A. et al. Mitogens and hepatocyte growth control in vivo and in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 1011–1023 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02624432

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02624432

Keywords

Search

Navigation