Lipids of arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus (L.) II. Influence of dietary fatty acids on the elongation and desaturation of linoleic and linolenic acid

Abstract

Arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus L. were fed five test diets containing 0% or 1% of different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for 93 days. The fish were injected intraperitoneally with (1−¹⁴C)–18:2(n−6) or (1−¹⁴C)–18:3(n−3), and the bioconversion to longer chain PUFA studied. The conversion rate in neutral lipids was slow, with most label found as the fatty acid injected, while extensive modification took place prior to or during incorporation into polar lipids. Linolenic acid was preferred over linoleic acid as substrate for elongation and desaturation regardless of diet. In polar lipids, the predominant products of (1−¹⁴C)–18:2(n−6) metabolism were generally 20:3(n−6) and 20:4(n−6), while 18:4(n−3), 20:5(n−3) and 22:6(n−3) were the major products of (1−¹⁴C)–18:3(n−3) metabolism. The lack of radioactivity in 22:5(n−6) suggests that Δ 4 desaturation is specific for (n−3) PUFA. Feeding the PUFA deficient diet reduced the Δ 5 desaturation compared to fish maintained on PUFA supplemented diets. The Δ 6 desaturation was only reduced in fish fed C18 PUFA and injected with (1−¹⁴C)–18:3(n−3). Longer chain C20 and C22 PUFA, particularly those of the (n−3) family, exerted some inhibition on the elongation and desaturation of injected fatty acids compared to those fed C18 PUFA. The incorporation of radiolabelled fatty acids into polar lipids of fish fed a commercial diet was very low, and the desaturation neglectible in both polar and neutral lipids, showing that Arctic charr under culture conditions do not convert short chain PUFA to longer chain metabolites.