Skip to main content
Log in

Ontology and the construction of systems

  • Published:
Synthese Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

After drawing attention to the basic importance of Goodman's workThe Structure of Appearance, this paper turns to a critical analysis of Goodman's claims concerning worldmaking. It stresses that Goodman's acceptance of a multiplicity of actual worlds doesnot involve the belief in an unknowable underlying reality; but that it is due to the non-mysterious fact that constructional systems allow for a multiplicity of disagreeing, right versions. However, from the point of view of truthmaker ontology, most ‘worlds’ of constructional systems are not genuine worlds; and so far it hasnot been shown that there are genuine truthmaker worlds that disagree.

It is suggested that the construction of systems usually involves three conflicting aims: the logical, the ontological, and the psychological. Considering the current interest in cognitive psychology and phenomenology, the implications of the psychological aim, too, deserve to be reexamined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Burkhardt, H. and B. Smith (eds.): 1991,Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology, 2 vols., Philosophia, Munich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnap, R.: 1928,Der logische Aufbau der Welt, Weltkreis-Verlag, Berlin (2nd ed.: 1961, Meiner, Hamburg).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnap, R.: 1928a,Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie: Das Fremdpsychische und der Realismusstreit, Weltkreis-Verlag, Berlin (reprinted in the 2nd ed. of theAufbau).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnap, R.: 1950, ‘Empricism, Semantics and Ontology’,Revue Internationale de Philosophie 4, 20–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassirer, E.: 1946,Language and Myth, Harper Brothers, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassirer, E.: 1955,The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, Yale University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Føllesdal, D.: 1969, ‘Husserl's Notion of Noema’,Journal of Philosophy 66, 680–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Føllesdal, D.: 1990, ‘Noema and Meaning in Husserl’,Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50, suppl., 263–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gombrich, E. H.: 1960,Art and Illusion: A Study of the Psychology of Pictorial Representation, Pantheon Books, New York (more recent edition: 1969, Princeton University Press, Princeton).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1951,The Structure of Appearance, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (2nd ed.: 1966, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis; 3rd ed.: 1977, Reidel, Dordrecht).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1954,Fact, Fiction, and Forecast, Athlone Press, London (4th ed.: 1984, Harvard University Press, Cambridge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1960, ‘The Way the World is’,Review of Metaphysics 14, 48–56 (reprinted: in Goodman (1972), pp. 24–32).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1960a, Review of Gombrich'sart and Illusion, Journal of Philosophy 57, 595–99 (reprinted: in Goodman (1972), pp. 141–46).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1968,Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis (2nd ed.: 1976, Hackett, Indianapolis).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1972,Problems and Projects, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1975, ‘Words, Works, Worlds’,Erkenntnis 9, 57–73 (reprinted: in Goodman (1978), pp. 1–22).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1978,Ways of Worldmaking, Hackett, Indianapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1980, ‘On Starmaking’,Synthese 45, 211–15 (reprinted: in Goodman (1984), pp. 39–44).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1982, ‘Notes on the Well-Made World’, in W. Leinfellner et al. (eds.),Language and Ontology, Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna, pp. 31–36 (reprinted: in 1983,Erkenntnis 19, 99–108; and in Goodman (1984), pp. 30–39).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1984,Of Minds and Matters, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1988, ‘On Some Worldly Worries’, typescript published by the author, Harvard University (reprinted: 1993,Synthese 95(1)).

  • Goodman, N. and C. Z. Elgin: 1988,Reconceptions in Philosophy and other Arts and Sciences, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haefliger, G. and G. Küng: forthcoming, ‘Substanzen, Zustände, Prozesse, Ereignisse: Ingarden und die Analytische Gegenstandstheorie’, in H. R. Sepp (ed.),Die Münchener-Göttinger Phänomenologie, Alber, Freiburg.

  • Kuhn, H. et al. (eds.): 1975,Die Münchener Phänomenologie, Phaenomenologica Vol. 65, Nijhoff, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Küng, G.: 1972, ‘The World as Noema and as Referent’,Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 3, No. 1, 15–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Küng, G.: 1975, ‘Zum Lebenswerk von Roman Ingarden: Ontologie, Erkenntnistheorie und Metaphysik’, in Kuhn et al. (1975),. pp. 158–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Küng, G.: 1977, ‘Nominalistisch Logik heute’,Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Philosophie 2No. 1, 29–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Küng, G.: 1982, ‘Roman Ingarden (1893–1970): Ontological Phenomenology’, in Speigelberg (1982),. pp. 223–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Küng, G.: 1989, ‘Ajdukiewicz's Contribution to the Realism/Idealism Debate’, in Szaniawski (1989),. pp. 67–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D. K.: 1990,Parts of Classes, Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulligan, K., P. Simons, and B. Smith: 1984, ‘Truth-makers’,Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44, 278–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, H.: 1977, ‘Realism and Reason’,Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 50, 483–98 (reprinted: in Putnam (1978), pp. 123–40).

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, H.: 1978,Meaning and the Moral Sciences, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorty, R.: 1972, ‘The World Well Lost'’,Journal of Philosophy 69, 649–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, B.: 1914,Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy, Allen and Unwin, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, B.: 1914a, ‘The Relation of Sense-Data to Physics’,Scientia, No. 4 (reprinted: in Russell (1918), Chap. VIII).

  • Russell, B.: 1918,Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays, Longmans, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuhmann, K.: 1977,Husserl-Chronik, Nijhoff, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, P.: 1987,Parts: A Study in Ontology, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegelberg, H.: 1982,The Phenomenological Movement, 3rd revised and enlarged ed., Phaenomenologica Vol. 5/6, Nijhoff, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szaniawski, K. (ed.): 1989,The Vienna Circle and the Lvov-Warsaw School, Kluwer, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Küng, G. Ontology and the construction of systems. Synthese 95, 29–53 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01064666

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01064666

Keywords

Navigation