Summary
Conditioning experiments in cod ended in the results:
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1.
Cod discriminates travelling sound waves impinging on the head from those impinging on the tail at 75 Hz.
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2.
Phase reversal of the acoustic pressure in the travelling wave caused 180° reversal of the directional responses.
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3.
Directional hearing in the loop of a standing wave appeared possible provided that additionalp-information in the correct phase was added.
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References
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The authors are greatly indebted to the students in biology miss Ine van Spanje, mr J. Klinkhamer and mr J. Schillemans for their various and indispensable contributions in the preparations and execution of the field experiments. Indirect support of long term guests at Nessjöen, Sotra, relieved our nearly constant shortage of time. Mr Odd Tvedt and his family sacrificed some of their holidays to reconstruct our distorted frame of the food dispensers. The firm of Odd Tvedt and Co AS, Bergen, deserves our great gratitude for immediate help offered in this case (and another in 1972, when our periscope got leak). We gratefully acknowledge the suggestion of ir D. W. van Wulfften Palthe (Delft) to add sound sourceS 4 to obtain “pure” inversion ofp. We are also indebted to him, as we are to Professor S. Dijkgraaf and Dr. F. J. Verheijen (Utrecht), for giving comments on the manuscript.
The field study was made possible by the Havforskningsinstitutt, Bergen, Norway, supplying essential equipment through mr G. Aase. The Netherland Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z. W. O.) financed our study journeys to Norway (projects R 88–34 and R 88–66).
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Schuijf, A., Buwalda, R.J.A. On the mechanism of directional hearing in cod (Gadus morhua L.). J. Comp. Physiol. 98, 333–343 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00709804
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00709804