Summary
When an isolated gill arch of the marine teleost,Ophiodon elongatus, was perfused under conditions which mimic those present in the intact animal, only two thirds of the gill lamellae were perfused. An increase in either input (afferent) pressure and flow or input pulse pressure caused an increase in the number of lamellae perfused as well as altering the distribution of the efferent outflow between the efferent artery and the venolymphatic drainage of the gill. The gill is compliant and an increase in efferent pressure reduced gill resistance to flow without altering the number of lamellae perfused. In these experiments there was no simple relationship between the number of lamellae perfused and gill resistance.
These observations are of importance in the interpretation of results from pharmacological and ion exchange studies of isolated gills as well as indicating how cardiovascular changes could bring about alterations in gill blood flow in the intact fish.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bergman, H.L., Olson, K.R., Fromm, P.O.: The effect of vasoactive agents on the functional surface area of isolated-perfused gills of rainbow trout. J. Comp. Physiol.94, 267–286 (1974)
Bidani, A., Flumerfelt, R.W., Crandall, E.D.: Analysis of the effects of pulsatile capillary blood flow and volume on gas exchange. Respir. Physiol.35, 27–42 (1978)
Booth, J.H.: The distribution of blood flow in the gills of fish: application of a new technique to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Exp. Biol.73, 119–129 (1978)
Booth, J.H.: The effects of oxygen concentration, adrenaline, and acetylcholine on the distribution of blood flow in the gills of rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol. (in press) (1979)
Burton, A.C.: On the physical equilibrium of small blood vessels. J. Physiol.164, 319–329 (1951)
Busby, D.E., Burton, A.C.: The effect of age on the elasticity of the major brain arteries. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.43, 185–202 (1965)
Dunel, S., Laurent, P.: La vascularisation branchiale chez l'Anguille: action de l'acétylcholine et de l'adrenaline sur la répartition d'une resine polymérisable dans les differents compartiments vasculaires. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris284, 2011–2014 (1977)
Farrell, A.P.: Gill blood flow in teleosts. Ph.D. Thesis, University of British Columbia (1979)
Forster, M.E.: Effects of catecholamines on the heart and on branchial and peripheral resistances of the eel,Anguilla anguilla (L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol.55C, 27–32 (1976)
Gannon, B.J., Campbell, G., Randall, D.J.: Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts for the study of vessel connections in a complex vascular bed — the trout gill. 31st Annu. Proc. Electron Microscopy Soc. Am.1973, 442–443 (1973)
Girard, J.P., Payan, P.: Effect of epinephrine on vascular space of gills and head of rainbow trout. Am. J. Physiol.230, 1555–1560 (1976)
Haswell, M.S., Perry, S.F., Randall, D.J.: The effect of perfusate oxygen levels on CO2 excretion in the perfused gill. J. Exp. Zool.205, 309–314 (1978)
Hughes, G.M., Wright, D.E.: A comparative study of the blood-water pathway in the secondary lamellae of teleost and elasmobranch fishes — benthic forms. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat.104, 478–493 (1970)
Jones, D.R., Randall, D.J.: The respiratory and circulatory systems during exercise. In: Fish physiology. Vol. 7. Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J., (eds.), pp. 425–501. New York: Academic Press 1978
McMasters, P.D., Parson, R.J.: The effect of the pulse on the spread of substances through tissues. J. Exp. Med.68, 377–400 (1938)
Nicolayson, G., Hauge, A.: Comparison of lung capillary function at pulsatile and non-pulsatile perfusion. Proc. Int. Physiol. Congress13, 550 (1977)
Ostlund, E., Fänge, R.: Vasodilation by adrenalin and noradrenalin and the effects of some other substances on perfused fish gills. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.5, 307–309 (1962)
Payan, P.: A study of the Na+/NH +4 exchange across the gills of the perfused head of trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Comp. Physiol.124, 181–187 (1978)
Payan, P., Matty, A.J.: The characteristics of ammonium excretion by a perfused isolated head of trout (Salmo gairdneri): effect of temperature and CO2-free Ringer. J. Comp. Physiol.96, 167–184 (1975)
Pic, P., Mayer-Gostan, N., Maetz, J.: Branchial effects of epinephrine in the seawater-adapted mullet. II. Na+ and Cl− extrusion. Am. J. Physiol.228, 441–447 (1975)
Rankin, J.C., Maetz, J.: A perfused teleost gill preparation: vascular actions of neurohypophysial hormones and catecholamines. J. Endocrinol.51, 621–635 (1971)
Richards, B.D., Fromm, P.O.: Patterns of blood flow through filaments and lamellae of isolated-perfused rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) gills. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.29, 1063–1070 (1969)
Shephard, R.B., Kirklin, J.W.: Relation of pulsatile flow to oxygen consumption and other variables during cardiopulmonary bypass. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.58, 694–702 (1969)
Shuttleworth, T.J.: The effect of adrenaline on potentials in the isolated gills of the flounder (Platichthys flesus). J. Comp. Physiol.124, 129–136 (1978)
Smith, D.G.: Sites of cholinergic vasoconstriction in trout gills. Am. J. Physiol.233, R222-R229 (1977)
Sobin, S.S., Fung, Y.C., Tremer, H.M., Rosequist, T.H.: Elasticity of the pulmonary alveolar microvascular sheet in the cat. Circulation Res.30, 440–450 (1972)
Stevens, E.D., Bennion, G.R., Randall, D.J., Shelton, G.: Factors affecting arterial blood pressures and blood flow from the heart in intact unrestrained ling cod,Ophiodon elongatus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.43, 681–695 (1972)
Stevens, E.D., Randall, D.J.: Changes in blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate during moderate swimming exercise in rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol.46, 307–316 (1967)
Vogel, W.O.P.: Arteriovenous anastomoses in the afferent region of trout gill filaments (Salmo gairdneri). Zoomorphologie90, 205–212 (1978)
Vogel, W., Vogel, V., Pfautsch, M.: Arterio-venous anastomoses in rainbow trout gill filaments. Cell Tiss. Res.167, 373–385 (1976)
Wolf, K.: Physiological salines for fresh-water teleosts. Progr. Fish. Cult.25, 135–140 (1963)
Wood, C.M.: A critical examination of the physical and adrenergic factors affecting blood flow through the gills of the rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol.60, 241–265 (1974a)
Wood, C.M.: Mayer waves in the circulation of the teleost fish. J. Exp. Zool.189, 267–273 (1974b)
Wood, C.M.: A pharmacological analysis of the adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms regulating branchial vascular resistance in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Can. J. Zool.53, 1569–1577 (1975)
Wood, C.M., McMahon, B.R., McDonald, D.G.: Oxygen exchange and vascular resistance in the totally perfused rainbow trout. Am. J. Physiol.234, R201-R208 (1978)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Farrell, A.P., Daxboeck, C. & Randall, D.J. The effect of input pressure and flow on the pattern and resistance to flow in the isolated perfused gill of a teleost fish. J Comp Physiol B 133, 233–240 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00691471
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00691471