Abstract
The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was determined for the chromosomes (except Y2) of the Indian muntjac stained by the fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) or harlequin chromosome technique. The relative DNA content of each of the chromosomes was also measured by scanning cytophotometry. After growth in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for two DNA replication cycles, SCEs were distributed according to the Poisson formula in each of the chromosomes. The frequency of SCE in each of the chromosomes was directly proportional to DNA content. A more detailed analysis of SCEs was performed for the three morphologically distinguishable regions of the X-autosome composite chromosome. The SCE frequency in the euchromatic long arm and short arm were proportional to the amount of DNA. In contrast, the constitutive heterochromatin in the neck of this chromosome contained far fewer SCEs than expected on the basis of the amount of DNA in this region. A high frequency of SCE, however, was observed at the point junctions between the euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arrighi, F. E., Hsu, T. C.: Localization of heterochromatin in human chromosomes. Cytogenetics 10, 81–86 (1971)
Bender, M. A., Griggs, H. G., Bedford, J. S.: Recombinational DNA repair and sister chromatid exchanges. Mutation Res. 24, 117–123 (1974)
Brown, S. W.: Heterochromatin. Science 151, 417–425 (1966)
Comings, D. E.: Heterochromatin of the Indian muntjac: Replication, condensation, DNA ultracentrifugation, fluorescent and heterochromatin staining. Exp. Cell Res. 67, 441–460 (1971)
Cooper, K. W.: Cytogenetic analysis of major heterochromatic elements (especially Xh and Y) in Drosophila melanogaster, and the theory of heterochromatin. Chromosoma (Berl.) 10, 535–588 (1959)
Craig-Holmes, A. P., Moore, F. B., Shaw, M. W.: Polymorphism of human C-band heterochromatin. II. Family studies with suggestive evidence for somatic crossing over. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 27, 178–189 (1975)
Dutrillaux, B., Fosse, A. M., Prieur, M., Lejuene, J.: Analyse des échanges de chromatides dans les cellules somatiques humaines: Traitement au BUdR (5 bromodéoxyuridine) et fluorescence bicolor par l'Acridine Orange. Chromosoma (Berl.) 48, 327–340 (1974)
Galloway, S. M., Evans, H. J.: Sister chromatid exchange in human chromosomes from normal individuals and patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 15, 1–16 (1975)
Gatti, M., Olivieri, G.: The effect of X-rays on labeling pattern of M1 and M2 chromosomes in Chinese hamster cells. Mutation Res. 17, 101–112 (1973)
Hoehn, H., Martin, G. M.: Clonal variants of constitutive heterochromatin of human fibroblasts after recovery from Mitromycin treatment. Chromosoma (Berl.) 43, 203–210 (1973)
Hsu, T. C., Arrighi, F. E.: Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in mammalian chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 243–253 (1971)
Ikushima, T., Wolff, S.: Sister chromatid exchanges induced by light flashes to 5-bromodeoxyuridine- and 5-iododeoxyuridine substituted Chinese hamster chromosomes. Exp. Cell Res. 87, 15–19 (1974)
Kato, H.: Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by UV light and its inhibition by caffeine. Exp. Cell Res. 82, 383–390 (1973)
Kato, H.: Photoreactivation of sister chromatid exchanges induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Nature (Lond.) 249, 552–553 (1974)
Kato, H., Shimada, H.: Sister chromatid exchanges induced by mitomycin C: A new method of detecting DNA damage at chromosomal level. Mutation Res. 28, 459–464 (1975)
Latt, S.A.: Microfluorometric detection of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in human metaphase chromosomes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 70, 3395–3399 (1973)
Latt, S. A.: Localization of sister chromatid exchanges in human chromosomes. Science 185, 74–76 (1974)
Mayall, B. H.: Deoxyribonucleic acid cytophotometry of stained human leukocytes I. Differences among cell types. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17, 249–257 (1969)
Mayall, B. H., Carrano, A. V., Rowley, J. D.: DNA cytophotometry of chromosomes in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Clin. Chem. 20, 1080–1085 (1974)
Mendelsohn, M. L., Mayall, B. H., Prewitt, J. M. S., Bostrom, R. C., Holcomb, W. G.: Digital transformation and computer analysis of microscope images. In: Advances in optical and electron microscopy (V. Cosslett and R. Barer, eds.), p. 77–150. New York: Academic Press 1968
Mendelsohn, M. L., Mayall, B. H.: Chromosome identification by image analyiss and quantitative cytochemistry. In: Human chromosome methodology (J. Yunis, ed.), p. 311–346. New York: Academic Press 1974
Perry, P., Wolff, S.: New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids. Nature (Lond.) 251, 156–158 (1974)
Roberts, P. A.: Difference in the behaviour of eu- and hetero-chromatin: Crossing-over. Nature (Lond.) 205, 725–726 (1965)
Terasima, T., Tolmach, L. J.: Changes in x-ray sensitivity of HeLa cells during the division cycle. Nature (Lond.) 190, 1210–1211 (1961)
Wolff, S., Bodycote, J., Painter, R. B.: Sister chromatid exchanges induced in Chinese hamster cells by UV irradiation of different stages of cell cycle: The necessity for cells to pass through S. Mutation Res. 25, 73–81 (1974)
Wolff, S., Bodycote, J., Thomas, G. H., Cleaver, J. E.: Sister chromatid exchange in Xeroderma pigmentosum cells that are defective in DNA excision repair or post-replication repair. Genetics 81, 349–355 (1975)
Wolff, S., Perry, P.: Differential Giemsa staining of sister chromatids and the study of sister chromatid exchanges without autoradiography. Chromosoma (Berl.) 48, 341–353 (1974)
Wurster, D. H., Benirschke, K.: Indian Muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak: A deer with a low diploid chromosome number. Science 168, 1364–1366 (1970)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carrano, A.V., Wolff, S. Distribution of sister chromatid exchanges in the euchromatin and heterochromatin of the Indian muntjac. Chromosoma 53, 361–369 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294083
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294083