Summary
λpolA phages carrying the polA gene in either orientation were isolated and characterised by genetic tests and by assay of the polA gene product after infection of E. coli or induction of lysogens. Lytic infection gave consistently better amplification of DNA polymerase I than that obtained by induction of a lysogen. Optimal amplification of DNA polymerase I was not achieved from the PL promoter of cro −phages, but some advantage accrued when the polA gene was oriented for transcription from the PL promoter of a cro + phage. λpolA phages in which the polA allele was from E. coli strain C600 provided between amplification than phages with the polA allele from E. coli ED8659. Induction of a ◂polA l cI857 Qam Sam prophage gave levels of DNA polymerase I approaching 100 times that found in the non-lysogenic Pol+ host.
Genetics studies with the λpolA phages confirmed the previously postulated orientation of the polA gene within the E. coli genome.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Appleyard, R.K.: Segregation of new lysogenic types during growth of a doubly lysogenic strain derived from Escherichia coli K12. Gentics 39, 440–452 (1954)
Bachmann, B.J., Low, K.B., Taylor, A.L.: Recalibrated linkage map of Escherichia coli K12. Bacteriol. Rev. 40, 116–167 (1976)
Brammar, W.J.: The construction in vitro and exploitation of transducing derivatives of bacteriophage λ. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 5, 1633–1652 (1977)
Dürwald, H., Hoffman-Berling, H.: Endonuclease I-deficient and ribonuclease I-deficient Escherichia coli mutants. J. Mol. Biol. 34, 331–346 (1968)
Enquist, L.W., Skalka, A.: Replication of bacteriophage λ DNA dependent on the function of host and viral genes. I. Interaction of red, gam and rec. J. Mol. Biol. 75, 185–212 (1973)
Folkmanis, A., Maltzman, W., Mellon, P., Skalka, A., Echols, H.: The essential role of the cro gene in the lytic development of bacteriophage λ. Virology 81, 352–362 (1977)
Georgopoulos, C.P.: A bacterial mutation affecting N function. In: The bacteriophage lambda (A.D. Hershey, ed.), pp. 639–648. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press 1971
Goldberg, A.R., Howe, M.: New mutations in the S cistron of bacteriophage λ affecting host cell lysis. Virology 38, 200–202 (1973)
Gottesman, M.M., Hiscks, M.L., Gellert, M.: Genetics and function of DNA ligase in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 77, 531–547 (1969)
Hopkins, A.S., Murray, N.E., Brammar, W.J.: Characterization of λtrp transducing bacteriophages made in vitro. J. Mol. Biol. 107, 549–569 (1976)
Johnson, A., Meyer, B.J., Ptashne, M.: Mechanism of action of the cro protein of bacteriophage λ. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 1783–1787 (1978)
Kelley, W.S., Chalmers, K., Murray, N.E.: Isolation and characterization of a λpolA transducing phage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 5632–5636 (1977)
Kelley, W.S., Grindley, N.D.F.: Mapping of the polA locus of Escherichia coli K12: Orientation of the amino- and carboxytermini of the cistron. Mol. Gen. Genet. 147, 307–314 (1976)
Kelley, W.S., Reehl, J.A., Le Donne, N.C.: Recombinational mapping of the polA locus of Escherichia coli K12: Genetic fine structure. In: DNA synthesis present and future, NATO Advanced Study Institute Series, Vol. A17 (I. Molineux and M. Kohiyama, eds.), pp. 455–466. New York: Plenum Press 1978
Kelley, W.S., Stump, K.H.: A rapid procedure for isolation of large quantities of E. coli DNA polymerase I utilizing a λpolA transducing phage. J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3206–3210 (1970)
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, D.L., Randall, R.J.: Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265–275 (1951)
Mayer, E.P., Smith, O.H., Fredricks, W.W., McKinney, A.A.: The isolation and characterization of glutamine-requiring strains of Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 137, 131–142 (1975)
Moir, A., Brammar, W.J.: The use of specialized transducing phages in the amplification of enzyme production. Mol. Gen. Genet. 149, 87–99 (1976)
Müller-Hill, B., Crapo, L., Gilbert, W.: Mutants that make more lac repressor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 59, 1259–1264 (1968)
Murray, K., Murray, N.E.: Phage lambda receptor chromosomes for DNA fragments made with restriction endonuclease III of Haemophilus influenzae and restriction endonuclease I of Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 98, 557–564 (1975)
Murray, N.E.: Expression of bacterial genes in phage lambda vectors. In: Recombinant molecules: Impact on science and society (R.F. Beers and E.G. Bassett, eds.), pp. 123–135. New York: Raven Press 1977
Murray, N.E., Brammar, W.J., Murray, K.: Lambdoid phages that simplify the recovery of in vitro recombinants. Mol. Gen. Genet. 150, 53–61 (1977)
Panasenko, S.N., Cameron, J.R., Davis, R.W., Lehman, I.R.: Five hundred fold overproduction of DNA ligase after induction of a hybrid lambda lysogen constructed in vitro. Science 196, 188–189 (1977)
Pero, J.: Deletion mapping of the site of action of the tof gene product. In: The bacteriophage lambda (A.D. Hershey, ed.), pp. 599–608. New York: Cold Spring harbor Press 1971
Richardson, C.C.: DNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. In: Procedures in nucleic acid research, Vol. 1 (G.L. Cantoni and D.R. Davies, eds.), pp. 263–276. New York: Academic Press 1966
Setlow, P.: DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli. In: Methods in enzymology (L. Grossman and K. Moldave, eds.), Vol. XXIX, Nucleic acids and protein synthesis Part E, pp. 3–12 New York: Academic Press 1974
Steffen, D., Schleif, R.: Overproducing araC protein with lambdaarabinos transducing phage. Mol. Gen. Genet. 157, 333–339 (1977)
Ward, D.: Fusions of E. coli genes lac, trp and polA in bacteriophage lambda. Ph.D. thesis, Edingburgh University, 1978
Weigle, J.: Assembly of phage lambda in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 55, 1462–1466 (1966)
Weil, J., Signer, E.R.: Recombination in bacteriophage λ: II. Sitespecific recombination promoted by the integration system. J. Mol. Biol. 34, 273–279 (1968)
Wilson, G.G., Murray, N.E.: Molecular cloning of the DNA ligase gene from bacteriophage T4. I. Genetic and physical characterization of the recombinants. J. Mol. Biol. 132, (1979)
Wilson, G.G., Tanyashin, V.I., Murray, N.E.: Molecular cloning of fragments of bacteriophage T4 DNA. Mol. Gen. Genet. 156, 203–214 (1977)
Zissler, J., Signer, E., Schaeffer, F.: The role of recombination in growth of bacteriophage lambda. I. The gamma gene. In: The bacteriophage lambda (A.D. Hershey, ed.), pp. 455–468. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press 1971a
Zissler, J., Signer, E., Schaeffer, F.: The role of recombination in growth of bacteriophage lambda. II. Inhibition of growth by prophage P2. In: The bacteriophage lambda (A.D. Hershey, ed.), pp. 469–475. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press 1971b
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by W. Arber
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Murray, N.E., Kelley, W.S. Characterization of λpolA transducing phages; Effective expression of the E. coli polA gene. Molec. Gen. Genet. 175, 77–87 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267858
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267858