Abstract
Diatom assemblages obtained from fast ice around Prydz Bay, Antarctica, are distinctly different from those obtained from pack ice in the same area. The dominant species in all ice cores were Fragilariopsis curta, F. cylindrus, Nitzschia stellata and Pseudonitzschia turgiduloides. Entomoneis kjellmanii and Cocconeis spp. were more characteristic of fast ice samples and F. curta of pack ice samples. Ice crystal type (i.e. whether frazil or congelation crystal) is an important factor determining the algal composition of the ice. Other significant influences include the time of year the ice forms and the salinity of the ice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackley SF (1982) Ice scavenging and nucleation: Two mechanisms for incorporation of algae into newly forming sea ice. EOS 63:54
Ackley SF (1985) Pressure ridge associated microbial communities in Antarctic sea ice. EOS 66:1278
Bray JR, Curtis JT (1957) An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol Monogr 2:325–349
Bunt JS, Lee CC (1970) Seasonal primary production in Antarctic sea ice at McMurdo Sound in 1967. J Mar Res 28:304–320
Clarke DB, Ackley SF (1984) Sea ice structure and biological activity in the Antarctic marginal ice zone. J Geophys Res 89:2087–2095
Dieckmann GS, Spindler M, Lange MA, Ackley SF, Eicken H (1991) Antarctic sea ice: a habitat for the foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. J Foram Res 21:182–189
Domanski P (1984) The diel migrations and distributions within a mesopelagic community in the North East Atlantic and multivariate analysis of community structure. Prog Oceanogr 13:491–511
Field JG, Clarke KR, Warwick RM (1982) A Practical Strategy for Analysing Multispecies Distribution Patterns. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 8:37–52
Garrison DL (1991) Antarctic sea ice biota. Amer Zool 31:17–33
Garrison DL, Buck KR (1987) Surface layer sea ice assemblages in Antarctic pack ice during the Austral spring: environmental conditions, primary production and community structure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 75:161–172
Garrison DL, Buck KR (1988) The biota of Antarctic pack ice in the Weddell Sea and Antarctic Peninsula Regions. Polar Biol 10:211–219
Garrison DL, Ackley SF, Buck KR (1983) A physical mechanism for establishing algal populations in frazil ice. Nature 306:363–365
Garrison DL, Buck KR, Fryxell GA (1987) Algal assemblages in Antarctic pack ice and in ice-edge plankton. J Phycol 23:564–572
Garrison DL, Close AR, Reimnitz E (1989) Algae concentrated by frazil ice: evidence from lab experiments and field measurements. Ant Sci 1:313–316
Gow AJ, Ackley SF, Weeks WF, Govoni JW (1982) Physical and structural characteristics of antarctic sea ice. Ann Glaciol 3:113–117
Gray JS, Aschan M, Carr MR, Clarke KR, Green RH, Pearson TH, Rosenberg R, Warwick RM (1988) Analysis of community attributes of the benthic macro-fauna of Frierfjord/Langesundfjord and in a mesocosm experiment. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 46:151–165
Grossi SM, Sullivan CW (1985) Sea ice microbial communities. V. The vertical zonation of diatoms in an Antarctic fast ice community. J Phycol 21:401–409
Grossi SM, Kottmeier ST, Moe RL, Taylor GT, Sullivan CW (1987) Sea ice microbial communities. VI. Growth and primary production in bottom ice under graded snow cover. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35:153–164
Hasle GR (1969) An analysis of the phytoplankton of the Pacific Southern Ocean: abundance composition and distribution during the Brategg Expedition, 1947–1948. Hvalradets Skrifter 52:1–169
Horner RA (1991) Ice associated ecosystems. In: Medlin LK, Priddle J (eds) Polar marine diatoms. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge pp 9–14
Horner RA, Ackley SF, Dieckmann GS, Gulliksen B, Hoshiai T, Legendre L, Melnikov IA, Reeburgh WS, Spindler M, Sullivan CW (1992) Ecology of sea ice biota: habitat, terminology and methodology. Polar Biol 12:417–427
Kang SH, Fryxell GA (1991) Most abundant diatom species in water column assemblages from five leg 119 drill sites in Prydz Bay, Antarctica: distribution patterns. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 119:645–666
Legendre L, Ackley SF, Dieckmann GS, Gulliksen B, Horner R, Hoshiai T, Melnikov IA, Reeburgh WS, Spindler M, Sullivan CW (1992) Ecology of sea ice biota: global significance. Polar Biol 12:429–444
Lizotte MP, Sullivan CW (1992) Photosynthetic capacity in microalgae associated with Antarctic pack ice. Polar Biol 12:497–502
McConville MJ, Wetherbee R (1983) The bottom ice microalgal community from annual ice in the inshore waters of East Antarctica. J Phycol 19:431–439
Simonsen R (1974) The diatom plankton of the Indian Ocean: Expedition of the RV ‘Meteor’ 1964–65. Meteor Forschungsergeb [D. Biol] 19:1–66
Spindler M, Dieckmann GS, Lange MA (1990) Seasonal and geographic variations in sea ice community structure of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. In: Kerry KR, Hempel G (eds) Antarctic ecosystems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 129–135
Voytek MA (1984) Ominous future under the ozone hole: assessing biological impacts in Antarctica. Environmental Defence Fund, Washington
Watanabe K (1988) Sub-ice microalgal strands in the Antarctic coastal fast ice areas near Syowa station. Jpn J Phycol 36:221–229
Watanabe K, Satoh H (1987) Seasonal variations of ice algal standing crop near Syowa station, East Antarctica, in 1983/1984. Bull Plank Soc Japan 34
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scott, P., McMinn, A. & Hosie, G. Physical parameters influencing diatom community structure in eastern Antarctic sea ice. Polar Biol 14, 507–517 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00238220
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00238220