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Peer Influence and Adolescent Substance Use: A Systematic Review of Dynamic Social Network Research

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Abstract

Peer influence is one of the most proximal risk factors for adolescent substance use, and decades of theoretical and empirical research point to the importance of disentangling two interrelated processes that often co-occur: (1) peer selection is the process whereby adolescents choose to interact with one another; and (2) peer socialization is the process whereby individual behavior is shaped over time. Recent advancements in social network analyses, including the application of stochastic actor based models to developmental studies, have helped to disentangle the contributions of peer selection and socialization to adolescent substance use. The current study is the first systematic review of this literature, aiming to identify the extent to which adolescent substance use is associated with peer selection and socialization and highlighting patterns in study design across studies. Forty studies that met inclusion criteria were identified and systematically coded for study design characteristics (e.g., number of time points; number of covariates) and significant peer selection and socialization effects by substance use outcome. This review found support for peer selection effects on adolescent alcohol and tobacco use. Additionally, most studies reported peer socialization effects for adolescent alcohol use. However, relatively few studies reported socialization effects for tobacco use. Few studies reported on the peer effects associated with adolescent drug use. Variations in study design, including variations in the bounds of the network and in the covariates included in modeling, helped to identify areas for future research. Future research that helps to further clarify the roles of specific peer selection and socialization mechanisms will help with the development and refinement of prevention and intervention programs focused on reducing adolescent substance use.

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Acknowledgements

Work on this review was supported by a Competitive Innovative Research award from the University of Maryland School of Social Work to Angela Henneberger. The authors would like to thank reviewers for comments that helped to clarify our presentation of this review. We also thank Erika Quito for assistance in collecting and coding studies for this review, and we thank Dr. Nancy Deutsch for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript.

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  1. University of Maryland School of Social Work, 525 W. Redwood St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Angela K. Henneberger & Alison M. Preston

  2. School of Health and Human Services, University of Baltimore, 10 W. Preston Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Dawnsha R. Mushonga

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  1. Angela K. Henneberger
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AH conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, and drafted the manuscript; DM participated in the collection and coding of studies for this review and drafted sections of the manuscript; AP helped to code studies for this review and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Angela K. Henneberger.

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Henneberger, A.K., Mushonga, D.R. & Preston, A.M. Peer Influence and Adolescent Substance Use: A Systematic Review of Dynamic Social Network Research. Adolescent Res Rev 6, 57–73 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00130-0

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