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Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Acid Esterification of High Free Fatty Acid Rubber Seed Oil

  • Research Article - Chemical Engineering
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Abstract

Pretreatment of the high free fatty acid (FFA) rubber seed oil from Malaysia (RSOM) and Vietnam (RSOV) via esterification reaction has been investigated. Response surface methodology analysis using central composite design was used to optimise important parameters, including reaction temperature, catalyst loading, methanol-to-oil molar ratio and reaction time on FFA reduction. Optimal esterification conversion was achieved at 50 \({^{\circ}}\)C, 1.38 wt%, 15.98:1 molar ratio and 2 h for RSOM with 99.3% FFA reduction, whereas 65 \({^{\circ}}\)C, 10.74 wt%, 10:1 molar ratio and 1 h for RSOV with 98.6% FFA reduction. Catalyst loading had been found to have the most effect on the FFA reduction followed by methanol-to-oil molar ratio while increasing temperature and reaction time had nominal effect. The frequency factor and activation energy of RSOV were about 1.8- and 1.2-fold higher than RSOM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomass Processing Lab, Centre of Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

    Lai Fatt Chuah, Awais Bokhari, Suzana Yusup & Bawadi Abdullah

  2. Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

    Awais Bokhari

  3. Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50/a, Budapest, 1083, Hungary

    Jiří Jaromír Klemeš

  4. Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Majid Majeed Akbar

Authors
  1. Lai Fatt Chuah
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  2. Awais Bokhari
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  3. Suzana Yusup
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  4. Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
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  5. Bawadi Abdullah
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  6. Majid Majeed Akbar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suzana Yusup.

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Chuah, L.F., Bokhari, A., Yusup, S. et al. Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Acid Esterification of High Free Fatty Acid Rubber Seed Oil. Arab J Sci Eng 41, 2515–2526 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-2014-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-2014-1

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