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A New Hybrid Method Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Cross-Correlation Function to Discriminate Internal Faults from Inrush Currents

  • Research Article - Electrical Engineering
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Abstract

In this paper, a novel hybrid method based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and cross-correlation function (CCF) is proposed for the differential protection of the power transformers. The key idea of using the wavelet transform is the existence of high-frequency components in the inrush currents which can be extracted by means of DWT. This method is noise sensitive and may not easily be trusted; therefore, in this paper, CCF is used to reduce the sensitivity to noise. Since transformers are generally operated near the knee point of the magnetizing characteristic, only a small increase in core flux above normal operating levels results in a high magnetizing current; that is why the inrush currents are not similar to a sine wave. Therefore, in this paper, the CCF is used to measure the similarity between differential current and a reference sinusoidal 60Hz signal. The standard deviation of the wavelet transform and the maximum of the CCF are also reported. In addition, the effect of the noise on the proposed method is investigated. In the proposed method, the fault currents can be distinguished from the inrush current by setting a proper threshold. This method is verified using MATLAB/Simulink software.

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Abbreviations

WT:

Wavelet transform

CWT:

Continuous wavelet transform

DWT:

Discrete wavelet transform

ψ(t):

Mother wavelet function

φ(t):

Scaling function

d j :

High-frequency coefficients of DWT in jth level

c j :

Low-frequency coefficients of DWT in jth level

db4:

Daubechies 4 wavelet family

f s :

Sampling frequency

f n :

Nominal frequency

N n (0, σ 2):

A Gaussian random variable sampled at time n with the mean zero and the standard deviation σ

CCF:

Cross-correlation function

R a,xh (τ):

CCF for two given continues signals, x(t) and h(t)

R h,x (m):

CCF for two discrete functions x[n] and h[n]

MCC h,x :

Maximum of the CCF for two discrete signals x[n] and h[n]

RSW:

60 Hz reference sine wave

CBi; i = 1, 2:

Circuit breaker on bus i

[R 1, R 0]:

Positive and zero-sequence resistances of Π-section line (ohm/km)

[L 1, L 0]:

Positive and zero-sequence inductances of Π-section line (H/km)

[C 1,C 0]:

Positive and zero-sequence capacitances of Π-section line (F/km)

I di;i=1,2,3 :

Differential currents

I P (abc):

Primary current of power transformer

\(I_{S}(abc)I_{S}(abc)\) :

Secondary current of power transformer

STD:

Standard deviation

I RSW (t):

Reference sine wave with a frequency of 60 Hz

(b–g):

Internal phase to ground fault on phase B

(b–c–g):

Internal double phase to ground fault on phase B and C

(a–b–c–g):

Internal three-phase faults to ground

(E–b–g):

External faults on phase B

φ ra :

Residual flux for phase a

Tetaa :

Switching angles on phase A (°)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Zanjan, 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran

    Sied Mohsen Hosseini & Kazem Mazlumi

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  1. Sied Mohsen Hosseini
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  2. Kazem Mazlumi
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Correspondence to Kazem Mazlumi.

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Hosseini, S.M., Mazlumi, K. A New Hybrid Method Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Cross-Correlation Function to Discriminate Internal Faults from Inrush Currents. Arab J Sci Eng 39, 7159–7172 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1274-5

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