Abstract
Quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides in five honey samples through surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) using HgTe nanostructures as the matrix and sucralose as an internal standard has been demonstrated. Under optimal conditions (1× HgTe nanostructure, 0.2 mM ammonium citrate at pH 9.0), the SALDI-MS approach allows detection of fructose and maltose at the concentrations down to 15 and 10 μM, respectively. Without conducting tedious sample pretreatment and separation, the SALDI-MS approach allows determination of the contents of monosaccharides and disaccharides in honey samples within 30 min, with reproducibility (relative standard deviation <15%). Unlike only sodium adducts of standard saccharides detected, sodium adducts and potassium adducts with differential amounts have been found among various samples, showing different amounts of sodium and potassium ions in the honey samples. The SALDI-MS data reveal that the contents of monosaccharides and disaccharides in various honey samples are dependent on their nectar sources. In addition to the abundant amounts of monosaccharides and disaccharides, oligosaccharides in m/z range of 650 − 2700 are only detected in pomelo honey. Having advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and reproducibility, this SALDI-MS holds great potential for the analysis of honey samples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Karas, M., Hillenkamp, F.: Laser desorption ionization of proteins with molecular masses exceeding 10,000 daltons. Anal. Chem. 60(20), 2299–2301 (1998)
Tanaka, K., Waki, H., Ido, Y., Akita, S., Yoshida, Y., Yoshida, T.: Protein and polymer analyses up to m/z 100,000 by laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2(8), 151–153 (1988)
Tholey, A., Heinzle, E.: Ionic (liquid) matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-applications and perspectives. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 386(1), 24–37 (2006)
Cohen, S.L., Chait, B.T.: Influence of matrix solution conditions on the MALDI-MS analysis of peptides and proteins. Anal. Chem. 68(1), 31–37 (1996)
Volm, O., Roepstorff, P., Mann, M.: Improved resolution and very high sensitivity in MALDI TOF of matrix surfaces made by fast evaporation. Anal. Chem. 66(19), 3281–3287 (1994)
Xiang, F., Beavis, R.C.: A method to increase contaminant tolerance in protein matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization by the fabrication of thin protein-doped polycrystalline films. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 8(2), 199–204 (1994)
Dai, Y., Whittal, R.M., Li, L.: Two-layer sample preparation: a method for MALDI-MS analysis of complex peptide and protein mixtures. Anal. Chem. 71(5), 1087–1091 (1999)
Keller, B.O., Li, L.: Three-layer matrix/sample preparation method for MALDI MS analysis of low nanomolar protein samples. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 17(6), 780–785 (2006)
Holcomb, A., Owens, K.G.: Optimization of a modified aerospray deposition device for the preparation of samples for quantitative analysis by MALDI-TOFMS. Anal. Chim. Acta 658(1), 49–55 (2010)
Hanton, S.D., Hyder, I.Z., Stets, J.R., Owens, K.G., Blair, W.R., Guttman, C.M., Giuseppetti, A.A.: Investigations of electrospray sample deposition for polymer MALDI mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 15(2), 168–179 (2004)
Szyszka, R., Hanton, S.D., Henning, D., Owens, K.G.: Development of a combined standard additions/internal standards method to quantify residual PEG in ethoxylated surfactants by MALDI TOFMS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 22(4), 633–640 (2011)
Sunner, J., Dratz, E., Chen, Y.-C.: Graphite surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins from liquid solutions. Anal. Chem. 67(23), 4335–4342 (1995)
Wu, H.-P., Su, C.-L., Chang, H.-C., Tseng, W.-L.: Sample-first preparation: a method for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of cyclic oligosaccharides. Anal. Chem. 79(16), 6215–6221 (2007)
Chiang, C.-K., Chen, W.-T., Chang, H.-T.: Nanoparticle-based mass spectrometry for the analysis of biomolecules. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(3), 1269–1281 (2011)
McLean, J.A., Stumpo, K.A., Russell, D.H.: Size-selected (2–10 nm) gold nanoparticles for matrix assisted laser desorption ionization of peptides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(15), 5304–5305 (2005)
Huang, Y.-F., Chang, H.-T.: Analysis of adenosine triphosphate and glutathione through gold nanoparticles assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 79(13), 4852–4859 (2007)
Kawasaki, H., Sugitani, T., Watanabe, T., Yonezawa, T., Moriwaki, H., Arakawa, R.: Layer-by-layer self-assembled mutilayer films of gold nanoparticles for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 80(19), 7524–7533 (2008)
Chiu, T.-C., Chang, L.-C., Chiang, C.-K., Chang, H.-T.: Determining estrogens using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with silver nanoparticles as the matrix. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 19(9), 1343–1346 (2008)
Wen, X., Dagan, S., Wysocki, V.H.: Small-molecule analysis with silicon-nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 79(2), 434–444 (2007)
Torta, F., Fusi, M., Casari, C.S., Bottani, C.E., Bachi, A.: Titanium dioxide coated MALDI plate for on target analysis of phosphopeptides. J. Proteome Res. 8(4), 1932–1942 (2009)
Chiang, C.-K., Yang, Z., Lin, Y.-W., Chen, W.-T., Lin, H.-J., Chang, H.-T.: Detection of proteins and protein–ligand complexes using HgTe nanostructure matrixes in surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 82(11), 4543–4550 (2010)
Wu, C.-L., Wang, C.-C., Lai, Y.-H., Lee, H., Lin, J.-D., Lee, Y.-T., Wang, Y.-S.: Selective enhancement of carbohydrate ion abundances by diamond nanoparticles for mass spectrometric analysis. Anal. Chem. 85(8), 3836–3841 (2013)
Chen, W.-T., Chiang, C.-K., Lee, C.-H., Chang, H.-T.: Using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to detect proteins and protein–protein complexes. Anal. Chem. 84(4), 1924–1930 (2012)
Chen, W.-T., Huang, M.-F., Chang, H.-T.: Using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to detect ss- and ds-oligodeoxynucleotides. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 24(6), 877–883 (2013)
Huang, M.-F., Chang, H.-T.: Detection of carbohydrates using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with HgTe nanostructures. Chem. Sci. 3(6), 2147–2152 (2012)
White, J.W., Riethof, M.L., Subers, M.H., Kunshnir, I.: Composition of American honeys, p. 124. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, DC (1962)
Partridge, S.M.: Aniline hydrogen phthalate as a spraying reagent for chromatography of sugars. Nature 164(4167), 443 (1949)
Honda, S.: High-performance liquid chromatography of mono- and oligosaccharides. Anal. Biochem. 140(1), 1–47 (1984)
Tate, M.E., Bishop, C.T.: Thin layer chromatography of carbohydrate acetates. Can. J. Chem. 40(6), 1043–1048 (1962)
Merker, H.M., Beecher, G.R.: Measurement of food flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography: a review. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48(3), 577–599 (2000)
Brokl, M., Soria, A.C., Ruiz-Matute, A.I., Sanz, M.L., Ramos, L.: Separation of disaccharides by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Application to honey analysis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58(22), 11561–11567 (2010)
Lou, X., van Dongen, J.L., Vekemans, J.A., Meijer, E.W.: Matrix suppression and analyte suppression effects of quaternary ammonium salts in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: an investigation of suppression mechanism. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 23(19), 3077–3082 (2009)
Chen, W.-T., Chiang, C.-K., Lin, Y.-W., Chang, H.-T.: Quantification of captopril in urine through surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid-capped gold nanoparticles as an internal standard. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 21(5), 864–867 (2010)
Schuette, H.A., Woessner, W.W.: Mineral constituents of honey. IV. Sodium and potassium. J. Food Sci. 4(4), 349–353 (1939)
Knochenmuss, R., Zenobi, R.: MALDI ionization: the role of in-plume processes. Chem. Rev. 103(2), 441–452 (2003)
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under contracts NSC 101-2113-M-002-002-MY.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOCX 10389 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, CW., Chen, WT. & Chang, HT. Quantification of Saccharides in Honey Samples Through Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using HgTe Nanostructures. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 25, 1247–1252 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-014-0886-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-014-0886-z