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Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) for Binge Eating: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Abstract

Binge eating is characterized by significant imbalance in food intake regulation and is often comorbid with obesity and depression. Mindfulness-based approaches may reduce compulsive overeating, address associated behavioral and emotional dysregulation, and promote internalization of change. This randomized trial explored the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT), a 12-session group treatment, in comparison to a psychoeducational/cognitive–behavioral intervention (PECB) and a wait list control. MB-EAT incorporates sitting and guided mindfulness practices to cultivate greater awareness of hunger and fullness cues, sensory-specific satiety, and emotional and other triggers for eating. The two-site study randomized 150 overweight or obese (body mass index = 40.3) individuals (12 % men; 14 % African-American/Hispanic; average age = 46.6 years), 66 % of whom met the full DSM-IV-R criteria for binge eating disorder (BED). Compared to the wait list control, MB-EAT and PECB showed generally comparable improvement after 1 and 4 months post-intervention on binge days per month, the Binge Eating Scale, and depression. At 4 months post-intervention, 95 % of those individuals with BED in MB-EAT no longer met the BED criteria vs. 76 % receiving PECB; furthermore, binges that occurred were likely to be significantly smaller. Amount of mindfulness practice predicted improvement on a range of variables, including weight loss (r = −0.38, p < 0.05). Results suggest that MB-EAT decreased binge eating and related symptoms at a clinically meaningful level, with improvement related to the degree of mindfulness practice.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine “Meditation-Based Treatment for Binge Eating Disorder” NIH Grant: R21 AT00416-01.

The manual for the MB-EAT program used here may be obtained from Jean L. Kristeller, Ph.D., at JKristeller@indstate.edu. A published version is in preparation. A detailed outline of the PECB treatment may be obtained from Ruth Q. Wolever, Ph.D., at ruth.wolever@duke.edu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA

    Jean Kristeller & Virgil Sheets

  2. Duke Integrative Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Ruth Q. Wolever

Authors
  1. Jean Kristeller
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  2. Ruth Q. Wolever
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  3. Virgil Sheets
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Correspondence to Jean Kristeller.

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Kristeller, J., Wolever, R.Q. & Sheets, V. Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) for Binge Eating: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mindfulness 5, 282–297 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0179-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0179-1

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