Abstract
Severe hyperleukocytosis caused by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is associated with an increased risk of early death due to the intracranial haemorrhage. We report on a boy who presented with ALL with an extremely high leukocyte count, who developed neurological deterioration due to multiple intracerebral haemorrhages. Adequate measures for managing this medical emergency include appropriate supportive measures and initiation of therapy to prevent symptoms of leukostasis. Aggressive measures as a decompressive craniectomy should be considered to improve the poor outcome observed in this subset of patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Eguiguren JM, Schell MJ, Crist WM, Kunkel K, Rivera GK. Complications and outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis. Blood. 1992;79:871–5.
Lowe EJ, Pui CH, Hancock ML, Geiger TL, Khan RB, Sandlund JT. Early complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;45:10–5. doi:10.1002/pbc.20178.
Bunin NJ, Pui CH. Differing complications of hyperleukocytosis in children with acute lymphoblastic or acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia. J Clin Oncol. 1985;3:1590–5.
Fritz RD, Forkner CE, Freireich EJ, et al. The association of fatal intracranial hemorrhage and “blastic crisis” in patients with acute leukaemia. N Engl J Med. 1959;261:59–64.
Wurthner JU, Kohler G, Behringer D, Lindemann A, Mertelsmann R, Lubbert M. Leukostasis followed by hemorrhage complicating the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with myeloid leukaemia and hyperleukocytosis. Cancer. 1999;85:368–74. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990115)85:2<368::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-X.
Lichtman MA, Rowe JM. Hyperleukocyotis leukemias: rheological, clinical, and therapeutic considerations. Blood. 1982;60:279–83.
Lane TA. Continuous-flow leukapheresis for rapid cytoreduction in leukaemia. Transfusion. 1980;20:455–7. doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1980.20480260280.x.
Porcu P, Farag S, Marcucci G, Cataland SR, Kennedy MS, Bissell M. Leukocytoreduction for acute leukaemia. Ther Apher. 2002;6:15–23. doi:10.1046/j.1526-0968.2002.00402.x.
Wiernik PH, Serpick AA. Factors effecting remission and survival in adult acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia. Medicine (Baltimore). 1970;49:505–13. doi:10.1097/00005792-197011000-00004.
Gilchrist GS, Fountain KS, Dearth JC, Smithson WA, Burgert EO. Cranial irradiation in the management of extreme leukemic leukocytosis complicating childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia. J Pediatr. 1981;98:257–9. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(81)80653-1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Ruggiero, A., Attinà, G., Piastra, M. et al. Severe hyperleukocytosis and multifocal intracranial haemorrhage: not always a fatal outcome. Int J Hematol 90, 87–90 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-009-0333-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-009-0333-2