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Low Toxic Organic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction for the Residue Analysis of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics in Egg Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Abstract

Preconcentration and determination of benzimidazole anthelmintics in egg samples has been successfully carried out using low-toxic organic solvent based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (UAEME) method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) was used for precipitating protein and fat in egg samples before subjecting it to UAEME–HPLC. In UAEME, 1-octanol was used as extraction solvent and MeOH (chosen disperser solvent) under ultrasound radiation assisted. Under the optimum condition chosen (60 μl of octanol, 250 μl of MeOH, and 4-min ultrasonication), extraction efficiency was obtained in the range of 30–95, depending on the analytes. Limits of detection (LODs) of the studied benzimidazoles in egg samples were 7.2–14.4 μg/kg. Satisfied recoveries evaluated at the four-level spiked concentrations (i.e., 25, 50, 100, and 150 μg/kg) were obtained between 74.3 and 112.9 with the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 11.5 %. Precisions comprising intra-day and inter-day measurements were obtained with RSD below 9.0 %. Less consumption of low toxic organic solvents, simple, and effective are beneficial of the demonstrated method.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), the Commission on Higher Education (CHE), and Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus through the TRF-CHE Research Grant for New Scholars under Grant No. MRG5480135. The authors would like to acknowledge Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University for providing deionized water. The authors also thank Miss Namfon Jampaburee, Miss Witchunee Rachdusadee, Miss Sunisa Leykan, and Miss Wanida Sangsawang for their assistance in the laboratory.

Conflict of Interest

Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit declares that he has no conflict of interest. Supalax Srijaranai declares that she has no conflict of interest. Rodjana Burakham declares that she has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand

    Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit

  2. Materials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Supalax Srijaranai & Rodjana Burakham

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  1. Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit
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  2. Supalax Srijaranai
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  3. Rodjana Burakham
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Correspondence to Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit.

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Santaladchaiyakit, Y., Srijaranai, S. & Burakham, R. Low Toxic Organic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction for the Residue Analysis of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics in Egg Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Food Anal. Methods 7, 1973–1981 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9838-2

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