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Surfactant–Solvent-Based Quaternary Component Emulsification Microextraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Simultaneous Analysis of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics in Milk Samples

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Abstract

A simple surfactant-solvent-based quaternary component emulsification microextraction (SSEME) method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection has been developed for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of four benzimidazole anthelmintic (i.e., oxfendazole, mebendazole, albendazole, and fenbendazole) residues in milk samples. The quaternary component solvent of SSEME carried out in 10 mL aqueous solution were Triton X-114 (emulsifier or carrier), acetonitrile (disperser solvent), and 1-octanol (extraction solvent). The surfactant has an important role in the enhancement of the extraction efficiency of the high polar analytes. For milk sample analyses, linearity was obtained in the range of 10–200 μg/L with the determination coefficients (R 2) higher than 0.996. Preconcentration factor was obtained in the range of 21–38, corresponding to limits of detection in the range of 2.6–9.9 μg/L. Intra-day (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 6 × 3) precisions in the sample studied were obtained with relative standard deviation below 8.8 %. The recoveries for the spiked target anthelmintics at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 150 μg/L) were obtained in the range 80.1–114.1 %. The proposed SSEME method has been demonstrated that is simple, effective, and reliable for the analysis of analytes in the samples studied and can be used as an alternative green analytical technique for benzimidazole analysis.

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Abbreviations

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

MCX:

Mixed mode cation exchange

MAE:

Microwave-assisted extraction

UA-CPE:

Ultrasound-assisted cloud-point extraction

UASEME:

Ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction

UV:

Ultraviolet

PDA:

Photodiode array

FL:

Fluorescence

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), the Commission on Higher Education (CHE), and Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, through the TRF-CHE Research Grant for New Scholars under Grant No. MRG5480135. The authors would like to acknowledge Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, for providing deionized water. The authors also thank Miss Namfon Jampaburee, Miss Witchunee Rachdusadee, Miss Sunisa Leykan, and Miss Wanida Sangsawang for their assistance in the laboratory.

Conflict of Interest

Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit declares that he has no conflict of interest. Supalax Srijaranai declares that she has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand

    Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit

  2. Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Supalax Srijaranai

Authors
  1. Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit
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  2. Supalax Srijaranai
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Correspondence to Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit.

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Santaladchaiyakit, Y., Srijaranai, S. Surfactant–Solvent-Based Quaternary Component Emulsification Microextraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Simultaneous Analysis of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics in Milk Samples. Food Anal. Methods 7, 1238–1246 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9738-x

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