Skip to main content
Log in

National Estimates of Registered Sex Offenders in the United States: Is Double Counting a Problem?

  • Published:
American Journal of Criminal Justice Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study of the content and makeup of the national registered sex offender population is in its early stages. Only a handful of studies have been conducted that assess the demographic, offense, and risk profiles of individuals on sex offender registries. This study analyzed data from the national sex offender registry to determine to what extent registered sex offenders were double counted, where they were double counted, and if there were any differences between individuals who were double counted and those who were not. Findings suggest that less than 3 % of the national estimate is double counted and that the individuals flagged as double counted were predominantly from a handful of states.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ackerman, A. A., Harris, A. J., Levenson, J. S., & Zgoba, K. (2011). Who are the People in Your Neighborhood? A Descriptive Analysis of Individuals on Public sex Offender Registries. International Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 34, 149–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman, A. A., Levenson, J. S., & Harris, A. J. (2012). How Many sex Offenders Really Live Among us? Adjusted Counts and Population Rates in Five U.S. States. Journal of Crime and Justice. doi:10.1080/0735648X.2012.666407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006, Pub. L. No. 109–248, § 111, Stat. 2466 (2006).

  • Adkins, G., Huff, D., & Stageberg, P. (2000). The Iowa sex offender registry and recidivism. Des Moines: Iowa Department of Human Rights.

    Google Scholar 

  • Best, J. (2001). Promoting bad Statistics. Society, 38, 10–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortney, T., Levenson, J. S., Brannon, Y., & Baker, J. (2007). Myths and Facts About sex Offenders: Implications for Practice and Public Policy. Sex Offender Treatment, 2, 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, N. J., & Sandler, J. C. (2010). The Adam Walsh Act: a False Sense of Security or an Effective Public Policy Initiative? Criminal Justice Policy Review, 21, 31–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R. K., & Bussiere, M. T. (1998). Predictors of sexual offender recidivism: A meta-analysis (User Report No. 96–04). Ottawa: Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. (2005). The Characteristics of Persistent Sexual Offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1154–1163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A., & Hanson, R. K. (2004). Sex offender recidivism: A simple question (User Report No. 2004–03). Ottawa: Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A., Levenson, J. S., & Ackerman, A. R. (2012). Registered Sex Offenders in the United States: Behind the Numbers. Crime and Delinquency. doi:10.1177/0011128712443179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A. J., Lobanov-Rostovsky, C., & Levenson, J. S. (2010). Widening the net: The Effects of Transitioning to the Adam Walsh Act Classification System. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 503–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act, Public Law 103–322. (1994).

  • Levenson, J. S., Ackerman, A. R., Socia, K. M., & Harris, A. J. (2013). Where for art Thou? Transient Sex Offenders and Residence Restrictions. Criminal Justice Policy Review. doi:10.1177/0887403413512326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., Brannon, Y., Fortney, T., & Baker, J. (2007). Public Perceptions About sex Offenders and Community Protection Policies. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 7(1), 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, J. S., Letourneau, E., Armstrong, K., & Zgoba, K. (2010). Failure to Register as a sex Offender: Is it Associated With Recidivism? Justice Quarterly, 27, 305–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieb, R., & Nunlist, C. (2008). Community Notification as Viewed by Washington’s Citizens: A 10-Year Follow-Up (Document No. 08-03-1101). Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, W. (2009). Knowledge as power: Criminal registration and community notification laws in America. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mears, D., Mancini, C., Gertz, M., & Bratton, J. (2008). Sex Crimes, Children, and Pornography: Public Views and Public Policy. Crime and Delinquency, 54, 532–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2011). Registered sex offenders in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.missingkids.come/en_US/documents/sex-offender-map.pdf.

  • National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2012). Annual Report. Retrieved from http://www.missingkids.com/en_US/publications/NC171.pdf

  • National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2014). Registered sex offenders in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.missingkids.come/en_US/documents/sex-offender-map.pdf.

  • Terry, K. J., & Ackerman, A. R. (2009). A History of Sex Offender Registration. In R. G. Wright (Ed.), Sex Offender Laws: Failed Policies New Directions. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Marshall Burns, PhD for his time and effort to prepare the data for this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alissa R. Ackerman.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ackerman, A.R. National Estimates of Registered Sex Offenders in the United States: Is Double Counting a Problem?. Am J Crim Just 40, 75–88 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-014-9248-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-014-9248-4

Keywords

Navigation