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The Neural Stem Cell Microenvironment: Focusing on Axon Guidance Molecules and Myelin-Associated Factors

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Abstract

Neural stem cells (NSCs) could produce various cell phenotypes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the central nervous system (CNS), where neurogenesis has been determined to occur. The extracellular microenvironment also influences the behaviors of NSCs during development and at CNS injury sites. Our previous study indicates that myelin, a component of the CNS, could regulate the differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Recent reports have implicated three myelin-derived inhibitors, NogoA, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), as well as several axon guidance molecules as regulators of NSC survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the behavior of NSCs are not fully understood. In this study, we summarize the current literature on the effects of different extrinsic factors on NSCs and discuss possible mechanisms, as well as future possible clinical applications.

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Acknowledgments

The project is supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY13H090007) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81272801)

Conflict of interest

We declare that we did not receive financial support or maintain relationships that may pose a conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, University town, Cha Shan, Zhejiang, 325035, China

    Chao-Jin Xu

  2. School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China

    Jun-Ling Wang

  3. Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Wei-Lin Jin

  4. School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Wei-Lin Jin

Authors
  1. Chao-Jin Xu
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  2. Jun-Ling Wang
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  3. Wei-Lin Jin
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Correspondence to Chao-Jin Xu or Wei-Lin Jin.

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Xu, CJ., Wang, JL. & Jin, WL. The Neural Stem Cell Microenvironment: Focusing on Axon Guidance Molecules and Myelin-Associated Factors. J Mol Neurosci 56, 887–897 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-015-0538-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-015-0538-1

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