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The improvement of M1 polarization in macrophages by glycopeptide derived from Ganoderma lucidum

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Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst (Ganodermataceae) is a medicinal mushroom that has been extensively used in China for centuries to promote longevity and improve vigor without significant adverse effects. There is continuous interest in the bioactive properties of G. lucidum in view of its newly developed popularity in other regions besides Asia, such as Europe. Glycopeptide derived from G. lucidum (Gl-PS) is one of the main effective components isolated from this mushroom. The Gl-PS has been demonstrated pleiotropic with many bioactivities including immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. Macrophages are important cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), with their different roles, display distinct cytokine profiles: M1 preferentially produces TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12; conversely, M2 generates more IL-10 and arginase. Gl-PS might have the potential to promote macrophage M1 polarization by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, LPS was used to induce the M1 polarization. It was shown that the level of the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 were increased and the IL-10 and arginase I were decreased in the polarized M1 macrophages after application of Gl-PS compared to the control. The results indicated the potential of Gl-PS to promote M1 polarization vs M2, with the health beneficial understanding of the bioactivities of Gl-PS.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Special Fundation for Clinical Medical Research in China (grant number L2012069), Key Programs for Medical Scientific Research in Hebei province, China (grant number 20130339), Population and Family Planning Commission Programs for Scientific Research, Hebei province, China (grant number 2013-B13), and Medical Application Technology Tracking Programs, Hebei province, China (grant number GL201309).

The authors thank Professor Shuqian Lin of the Fuzhou Institute of Green Valley Bio-Pharm Technology for providing the Gl-PS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei province, 067000, China

    Li-Xin Sun, Jie Lu, Yan-Dong Niu, Yu Sun, Chen-Yang Hu & Xin-Suo Duan

  2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China

    Zhi-Bin Lin & Wei-Dong Li

  3. Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050011, China

    Guo-Qiang Zhang

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  1. Li-Xin Sun
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  2. Zhi-Bin Lin
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  6. Yu Sun
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Correspondence to Li-Xin Sun or Xin-Suo Duan.

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The use of mice was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College (ID number: 2013–040).

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Sun, LX., Lin, ZB., Lu, J. et al. The improvement of M1 polarization in macrophages by glycopeptide derived from Ganoderma lucidum . Immunol Res 65, 658–665 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-017-8893-3

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