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Gut Immunity and Type 1 Diabetes: a Mélange of Microbes, Diet, and Host Interactions?

  • Immunology and Transplantation (L Piemonti and V Sordi, Section Editors)
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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease, and first stages of the disease typically develop early in life. Genetic as well as environmental factors are thought to contribute to the risk of developing autoimmunity against pancreatic beta cells. Several environmental factors, such as breastfeeding or early introduction of solid food, have been associated with increased risk for developing T1D. During the first years of life, the gut microbial community is shaped by the environment, in particular by dietary factors. Moreover, the gut microbiome has been described for its role in shaping the immune system early in life and early data suggest associations between T1D risk and alterations in gut microbial communities. In this article, we discuss environmental factors influencing the colonization process of the gut microbial community. Furthermore, we review possible interactions between the microbiome and the host that might contribute to the risk of developing T1D.

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Acknowledgments

David Endesfelder and Wolfgang zu Castell report grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. We thank Ms. Sandra Mayer for the production of Fig. 1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scientific Computing Research Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany

    David Endesfelder & Marion Engel

  2. Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85747, Garching, Germany

    Wolfgang zu Castell

Authors
  1. David Endesfelder
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  2. Marion Engel
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  3. Wolfgang zu Castell
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Endesfelder.

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Conflict of Interest

David Endesfelder, Marion Engel, and Wolfgang zu Castell declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Immunology and Transplantation

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Endesfelder, D., Engel, M. & zu Castell, W. Gut Immunity and Type 1 Diabetes: a Mélange of Microbes, Diet, and Host Interactions?. Curr Diab Rep 16, 60 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0753-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0753-3

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