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Targeting Inflammation Through a Physical Active Lifestyle and Pharmaceuticals for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

  • Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (HE Lebovitz and G Bahtiyar, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Evidence exists that interleukin (IL)-1β is involved in pancreatic β-cell damage, whereas TNF-α appears to be a key molecule in peripheral insulin resistance. Although increased plasma levels of IL-6 are seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes, mechanistic studies suggest that moderate acute elevations in IL-6, as provoked by exercise, exert anti-inflammatory effects by an inhibition of TNF-α and by stimulating IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra), thereby limiting IL-1β signaling. A number of medical treatments have anti-inflammatory effects. IL-1 antagonists have been tested in clinical studies and appear very promising. Also, there is a potential for anti-TNF-α strategies and salsalate has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in clinical trials. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory potential of statins, antagonists of the renin–angiotensin system, and glucose-lowering agents are discussed. While waiting for the outcome of long-term clinical pharmacological trials, it should be emphasized that physical activity represents a natural strong anti-inflammatory intervention with little or no side effects.

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Sine Haugaard Knudsen and Bente Klarlund Pedersen declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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  1. Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre of Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Sine Haugaard Knudsen & Bente Klarlund Pedersen

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  1. Sine Haugaard Knudsen
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  2. Bente Klarlund Pedersen
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Correspondence to Bente Klarlund Pedersen.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

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Knudsen, S.H., Pedersen, B.K. Targeting Inflammation Through a Physical Active Lifestyle and Pharmaceuticals for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 15, 82 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0642-1

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