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Differences in Growth Generate the Diverse Palate Shapes of New World Leaf-Nosed Bats (Order Chiroptera, Family Phyllostomidae)

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Abstract

New World leaf-nosed bats (Family Phyllostomidae) display incredible craniofacial diversity that is associated with their broad range of dietary preferences. The short and broad palates of highly frugivorous bats are functionally linked to high bite forces, and the long and narrow palates of nectarivorous bats to flower feeding. Although the functional correlates and evolutionary history of shape variation in phyllostomid palates are beginning to be understood, the specific developmental processes that govern palate diversification remain unknown. To begin to resolve this issue, this study quantified palate morphology in seven phyllostomid species from a range of developmental stages and in adults. This sample includes species with short and broad, long and narrow, and intermediate palate shapes, and thereby covers the range of palate shapes displayed by phyllostomids. Results indicate that while initial palate shape (i.e., width vs. length) varies among species, the pattern of this variation does not match that observed in adults. In contrast, the relative growth of palate width and length in developing phyllostomids and the ratio of these axes in adults are significantly correlated. These and other results suggest that evolutionary alterations in patterns of palate growth have governed the diversification of palate shapes in adult phyllostomids. This implies that the diverse palate shapes of phyllostomids are the result of relatively subtle evolutionary changes in later rather than earlier development events.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank B. Stanley and the rest of the staff of the mammals collection at the Field Museum of Natural History for providing access to the cleared and stained bat specimens that are the foundation of this study, and to Drs. J. Marcot, B. Dumont, and S. Swartz for discussion of ideas. NIH NRSA F32 HD050042-01 and NSF IOS-1257873 supported this research.

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  1. Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, 465 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA

    Karen E. Sears

  2. Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Karen E. Sears

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  1. Karen E. Sears
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Correspondence to Karen E. Sears.

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Sears, K.E. Differences in Growth Generate the Diverse Palate Shapes of New World Leaf-Nosed Bats (Order Chiroptera, Family Phyllostomidae). Evol Biol 41, 12–21 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-013-9241-8

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