Abstract
Mycena kentingensis, a new luminous mushroom, was discovered in the tropical forest of Kenting National Park in Taiwan. The pileus of M. kentingensis is 3–8 mm in diameter and emits green light in the dark. The dorsal surface of the pileus is covered with short and white spines. The lamellae are nearly free. The stipe is puberulous with a white basal disc about 2 mm broad. Cheilocystidia are clavate to obpyriform, 16–40 × 4–8 μm, and have dense excrescences on the upper half or two-thirds of the cell. The pileus lacks cherocyte, and the stipe lacks caulocystidium. To further identify the species by the DNA barcode method, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequence of M. kentingensis was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and searched for in the GenBank. The hit with the maximum score was an uncultured fungus clone KFRI2121 (accession number HQ662846) with 88 % sequence identity. For those ITS sequences associated with Latin binominal names in the GenBank, the hit with the maximum score was Mycena stylobates with 87 % sequence identity. Phylogenetic analyses by Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods showed that M. kentingensis is close to M. stylobates and M. adscendens. To develop its culture method, mycelia of M. kentingensis were isolated. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) medium was 24 °C. Commercial compost with the addition of 20 % rice bran and 50 % water was appropriate for fruit-body formation. The new species of Mycena kentingensis brings the total of luminous fungi in the world to 74 species.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aravindakshan DM, Kumar TKA, Manimohan P (2012) A new bioluminescent species of Mycena sect. Exornatae from Kerala State, India. Mycosphere 3(5):556–561
Capelari M, Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Asai T, Stevani CV (2011) Neonothopanus gardneri: a new combination for a bioluminescent agaric from Brazil. Mycologia 103:1433–1440
Chou W-N, Chang T-T (2005) Mushrooms of Taiwan. Yuan-Liou, Taipei, pp 44–45
Deheyn DD, Latz MI (2007) Bioluminescence characteristics of a tropical terrestrial fungus (Basidiomycetes). Luminescence 22:462–467
Dentinger BTM, Didukh MY, Moncalvo J-M (2011) Comparing COI and ITS as DNA barcode markers for mushrooms and allies (Agaricomycotina). PLoS ONE 6(9):e25081. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025081
Desjardin DE (1995) A preliminary accounting of the worldwide members of Mycena sect. Sacchariferae. Bibl Mycol 159:1–89
Desjardin DE, Boonpratuang T, Hywel-Jones NL (2003) New spinose species of Mycena in sections Basipedes and Polyadelphia from Thailand. Fungal Divers 12:7–17
Desjardin DE, Capelari M, Stevani CV (2007) Bioluminescent Mycena species from São Paulo, Brazil. Mycologia 99:317–331
Desjardin DE, Oliveira AG, Stevani CV (2008) Fungi bioluminescence revisited. Phytochem Photobiol Sci 7:170–182
Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Lodge DJ, Lodge DJ, Stevani CV, Nagasawa E (2010) Luminescent Mycena: new and noteworthy species. Mycologia 102:459–477
Guindon S, Gascuel O (2003) A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol 52:696–704. doi:10.1080/10635150390235520
Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98
Haneda Y (1955) Luminous organisms of Japan and the Far East. In: Johnson FH (ed) The luminescence of biological systems. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, pp 335–386
Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball SL, de Waard JR (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:313–321
Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F, Nielsen R, Bollback JP (2001) Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science 294:2310–2314
Izzo AD, Agbowo J, Bruns TD (2005) Detection of plot-level changes in ectomycorrhizal communities in an old-growth mixed conifer forest. New Phytol 166:619–630
Mori K, Kojima S, Maki S, Hirano T, Niwa H (2011) Bioluminescence characteristics of the fruiting body of Mycena chlorophos. Luminescence 26:604–610
Morris HM, Smith ME, Rizzo DM, Rejmanek M, Bledsoe CS (2008) Contrasting ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on the roots of co-occurring oaks (Quercus spp.) in a California woodland. New Phytol 178:167–176
Niitsu H, Hanyuda N (2000) Fruit-body production of a luminous mushroom, Mycena chlorophos. Mycoscience 41:559–564
Niitsu H, Hanyuda N, Sugiyama Y (2000) Cultural properties of a luminous mushroom, Mycena chlorophos. Mycoscience 41:551–558
Posada D (2008) jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Mol Biol Evol 25:1253–1256
Ryberg M, Nilsson RH, Kristiansson E, Topel M, Jacobsson S, Larsson E (2008) Mining metadata from unidentified ITS sequences in GenBank: a case study in Inocybe (Basidiomycota). BMC Evol Biol 8:50–64
Sawada K (1933) Descriptive catalogue of Formosan fungi VI. Dept Agric Govt Res Inst 61:1–99, Taiwan Rept
Schoch CL, Seifert KA, Huhndorf S, Robert V, Spouge JL, Levesque CA, Chen W, Fungal Barcoding Consortium (2012) Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for fungi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:6241–6246. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117018109
Shao K-T (2009) Catalogue of life in Taiwan. Web electronic publication, version 2009 (http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw)
Smith ME, Douhan GW, Rizzo DM (2007) Ectomycorrhizal community structure in a xeric Quercus woodland based on rDNA sequence analysis of sporocarps and pooled roots. New Phytol 174:847–863
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739
Tschen JS-M, Ho I-C, Hsu H-S, Lo K-C (1999) Color illustrated mushroom of Guandaushi Forest. Vol. I. College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
Tschen JS-M, Ho I-C, Hsu H-S, Tschen EF-T, Shen Y-L (2000) Color illustrated mushroom of Guandaushi Forest. Vol. II. College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
Tschen JS-M, Tschen EF-T, Lee H-C, Liu J-P, Hsieh KH (2002) Color illustrated mushroom of Guandaushi Forest. Vol. IV. College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
Walker JF, Miller OK, Horton JL (2008) Seasonal dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungus assemblages on oak seedlings in the southeastern Appalachian Mountains. Mycorrhiza 19:123–132
Weitz HJ, Ballard AL, Campbell CD, Killham K (2001) The effect of culture conditions on the mycelial growth and luminescence of naturally bioluminescent fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 202(2):165–170
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary Fig. 1
The growth of mycelium of Mycena kentingensis on PDA medium for 4 weeks at 24 °C. (JPEG 4974 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 2
a Mycelia of M. kentingensis grown on the compost. Photo was taken with flashlight. b Photograph was taken in the dark, exposed for 30 s. (JPEG 267 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 3
The growth of mycelium of Mycena kentingensis on the 70 % (a) and 50 % water content (b) of the composts for 4 weeks at 24 °C. (JPEG 1553 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shih, YS., Chen, CY., Lin, WW. et al. Mycena kentingensis, a new species of luminous mushroom in Taiwan, with reference to its culture method. Mycol Progress 13, 429–435 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-013-0939-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-013-0939-x