Abstract
It is possible that some outdated ideas about ‘management’ in our field are constraining our preparation of new educational technologists to lead education organizations in the Knowledge Age? This paper takes an interdisciplinary stance to examine educational administration, education technology and complexivist thinking about leadership in our field. It begins with a critical analysis using one of six educational leadership/administration knowledge “contexts” - leadership vs. management - to unpack our field’s existing position on the topic (English, 2011). For parsimony, the other five contexts are mentioned briefly throughout this paper: (2) organizing and institutions and (3) Policy and governance. (4) Finance and Human Resources; (5) Change and Innovation and (6) Learning and technology. Other articles in this Special Edition of Tech Trends testify that outstanding, effective leadership exists in small, medium and large organizations every day around the world because of educational technologists doing amazing work in various contexts. This article suggests a frame for expanding our field’s epistemology for in-program and emerging educational technologists to build their capability to lead organizations that learn in a Knowledge Age.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, T., & Dron, J. (2010). Three generations of distance education pedagogy. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(3), 80–97. Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/890/1663
Barab, S., & Plucker, J. (2002). Smart people or smart context? Cognition, ability and talent development in an age of situated approaches to knowing and learning. Educational Psychologist, 117, 288–318.
Bush, T., Bell, L., & Middlewood, D. (Eds.). (2010). The principles of educational leadership and management. London: Sage Publications Limited.
Capra, F. (1997). The web of life. New York, NY: Anchor Books.
Cuban, L. (2011). Teacher, superintendent, scholar: The gift of multiple careers. Leaders in Educational Studies, (3). 45–54.
Davis, B., Sumara, D., & D ‘Amour, L. (2012). Understanding school districts as learning systems: Some lessons from three cases of complex transformation. Journal of Educational Change, 13, 373–399.
DiSessa, A.A., & Cobb, P. (2004). Ontological innovation and the role of theory in design experiments. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13, 77–103.
Donaldson, J.A., Smaldino, S., & Pearson, R. (2007). Managing. In Alan Januszewski and Michel Molenda (Eds), Educational Technology: A definition with commentary (pp. 175–191). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum .
Drucker, P. (1996). The leader of the future. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
English, F. W. (Ed.). (2011). The SAGE handbook of educational leadership: Advances in Theory, Research, and Practice. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications
Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed Leadership. In K. Leithwood and P. Hallinger (Eds.), Second International Handbook of Educational Leadership Administration, Part 2. (pp. 653–697). Boston, MA: Kluwer.
Hallinger, P. (2002) (Ed.). Second international handbook of educational leadership and administration. London, UK: Kluwer.
Harris, A. (2008). Distributed school leadership. London, UK: Routledge.
Hazy, J. K. (2011). Parsing the ‘influential increment’ in the language of complexity: uncovering systemic mechanisms of leadership influence. Journal of Complexity in Leadership and Management, 1, (2), 116–132.
Heck, R., & Hallinger, P. (2005). The study of educational leadership and management: Where does the field stand today? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 33, 229–244.
Humby, R. (2009). Leading decision making and planning for online HRD in a national health and wellness NGO. Unpublished Masters Thesis Dissertation. University of Calgary.
Januszewski, A., & Molenda, M. (2007). Educational Technology: A definition with commentary. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum .
Kasparov, G. (2007). How life imitates chess. New York: Bloomsbury.
Kim, C, Lee, J., Merrill, D., Spector J., & van Merrienboer, J. (2007). Foundations for the future. In J. Spector, D. Merrill, J. van Merrienboer and Driscoll, P (Eds.), Handbook of research on Educational Communications and Technology (3rd ed., pp. 807–815). New York: Routledge.
Kowch, E. (2007). Alberta shared services/ thin client innovation. System leadership study #2. Alberta Education Publication. Edmonton, Alberta: Author. 212 pages.
Kowch, E. (2009). New capabilities for cyber charter school leadership: An emerging imperative for integrating Educational Technology and Educational Leadership knowledge. Tech Trends Special Edition, 53 (1), 40–49.
Kowch, E. (2013 in press). Conceptualizing the essential qualities of complex adaptive leadership: Networks that organize. International Journal of Complexity in Leadership and Management, 3, 4, 114–132. Cambridge, MA: Inderscience Publishers).
Kowch, E. G. (2003). Policy networks and policy communities in three western Canadian universities and two provinces: A Neo-Institutional approach to a paninstitutional issue. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Kowch, E. G. (2008, November). Characteristics of high capacity, semi-autonomous teams – are you ready for this? Paper presented at the meeting of the Association of Education Communications and Technology Annual Conference, Orlando, FL.
Kowch, E., & Gereluk, D. (2013a). Conceptualizing education organizations as innovation ecologies: A case study of a state-wide charter school leader network. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Association for Education Research, San Francisco, CA.
Kowch, E.G. (2013). Towards leading diverse, adaptable and “smarter” organizations that learn. In J. Lewis, A. Green & D. Surry (Eds.), Technology as a tool for diversity leadership: Implementation and future implications (pp. 1–34). New York: IGI Global.
Krause, F. (2009). Designer decision-making for newcomer orientation training and onboarding programs. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Calgary.
Levin, B. (2010). How to change 5000 schools: A practical approach for leading change at every level. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
Levin, B., & Fullan, M. (2008). Learning about system renewal. Educational Management and Leadership, 36, 289–304.
Lindblom, C. (1959). The science of “muddling through”. Public Administration Review, 19, 2 (Spring), 79–88.
Mayson, N. P. (2011). Front-end instructional design practices for training within three large telecommunications organizations. (Order No. MR75444, University of Calgary (Canada)). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 188. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/login? url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/878555 466?accountid = 9838. (prod.academic_MSTAR_878555466).
McKelvey, B., & Lichtenstein, B. (2007). Leadership in the four stages of emergence. In J. Hazy, J. Goldstein and B. Lichtenstein (Eds.) Complex Systems Leadership Theory. Mansfield, MA: ISCE Publishing.
Merrill, D. M. (2002). First principles of instruction. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50, 3. 43–59
Ni, Xaiopeng & Branch, R. M. (2007). In J. Spector, D. Merrill, J. van Merrienboer and Driscoll, P (Eds.), Handbook of research on Educational Communications and Technology (3rd ed., pp. 29–32). New York: Routledge.
OECD. (2010). The policy debate about technology in education: Are the New Millennium Learners Making the Grade? Technology Use and Educational Performance in PISA 2006, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264076044-4-en
Postman, N. (1992). Technopoly. New York: Knopf.
Reigeluth, C. M. & Duffy, F. M. (2007). Trends and issues in P–12 educational change. in R. A. Reiser & J. V. Dempsey (Eds) In Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology, 2nd ed., pp. 209–220. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Shirky, C. (2008). Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organizations. New York: Penguin.
Spector, J. M., & Anderson, T. M. (Eds.). (2000). Integrated and holistic perspectives on learning, instruction and technology: Understanding complexity. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press.
Stacey, R. (2009). Complexity and organizational reality: Uncertainty and the need to rethink management after the collapse of investment capitalism. London, UK: Routledge
Surry, D., Stefurak, J., & Kowch, E. (2011). Technology in Higher Education: Asking the right questions. In D. Surry, R. Gray Jr., & J. Stefurak (Eds.), Technology Integration in Higher Education: Social and Organizational Aspects (pp. 1–12). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-147-8.ch001
Thompson-Klein, J. (2009). Creating interdisciplinary campus cultures. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Uhl-Bein article 2007 complexity leadership theory.
van Merriënboer, J. & Kirschner, P. A. (2007). Ten steps to complex learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Warren, W. (2013). Networked Decision Making across a Newfoundland School District. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. University of Calgary.
Willower, D. J. & Forsythe, B. (1999). A brief history of scholarship on educational administration. In J. Murphy & K. Louis (Eds.), Handbook of research on educational administration (pp. 1–25). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kowch, E.G. Whither thee, Educational Technology? Suggesting a Critical Expansion of Our Epistemology for Emerging Leaders. TECHTRENDS TECH TRENDS 57, 25–34 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-013-0688-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-013-0688-3