Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Individual and combined effects of crude protein, methionine, and probiotic levels on laying hen productive performance and nitrogen pollution in the manure

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the dietary levels of protein, methionine (Met), as well as probiotic on productive performance, feed utilization, and environmental pollution by N in Lohmann Brown laying hens. A total number of 160 Lohmann Brown laying hens at 20 weeks of age were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design experiment. The experiment involved two levels of crude protein (16 and 18 %), two levels of Met (0.45 and 0.50 %), and two concentrations of probiotic (0 or 1 g/kg diet, with a concentration of 1010 CFU/g of Lactobacillus acidophilus) within 20–42 weeks of age. Results revealed that egg production parameters were significantly (P < 0.01) improved for hens fed diets of 18 % CP comparing with that of 16 % protein within the period from 26 to 30 weeks of age. Protein utilization and feed efficiency values were enhanced with 0.67 and 0.72 % Met during the period of 26–30 weeks of the age. For the N pollution, results showed that increasing crude protein in the diet from 16 to 18 % caused significant (P < 0.01) increase in the excreted N from 0.349 to 0.492 g/d. The methionine level of 0.72 % recorded the highest values of total consumed N being 3.98 g/d and excreted N being 0.527 g/d comparing with the other levels. It could be concluded that the best productive performance could be given by using 0.72 % total sulfur amino acids (TSAA). Furthermore, the dietary level of 18 % CP with 0.72 % Met is preferred in feeding laying hens through the whole experimental period. Ecologically, reducing the level of crude protein in layer diets to be 16 % along with the supplementation of Met can play an important role in minimizing the pollution with N from poultry excretion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abd El-Hack ME, Mahgoub SA, Alagawany M, Ashour EA (2016) Improving productive performance and mitigating harmful emissions from laying hen excreta via feeding on graded levels of corn DDGS with or without Bacillus subtilis probiotic. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). doi:10.1111/jpn.12522

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad HA, Roland DA (2003) Effect of environmental temperature and total sulfur amino acids on performance and profitability of laying hens: an econometric approach. J Appl Poult Res 12(4):476–482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alagawany M (2012) Protein and total sulphur amino acids relationship in feeding laying hens. Ph.D. Thesis. Zagazig University

  • Alagawany M, Abou-Kassem DE (2014) The combined effects of dietary lysine and methionine intake on productive performance, egg component yield, egg composition and nitrogen retention in Lohmann brown hens. Egypt J Nut Feed 17(2):315–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Alagawany M, El-Hindawy MM, Ali AA, Soliman MM (2011) Protein and total sulfur amino acids relationship effect on performance and some blood parameters of laying hens. Egypt J Nut Feed 14(3):477

    Google Scholar 

  • Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V (2014) Effect of low-protein diets with crystalline amino acid supplementation on egg production, blood parameters and nitrogen balance in laying Japanese quails. Avian Biol Res 7(4):235–243

  • Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Farag MR, Tiwari R, Sachan S, Karthik K, Dhama K (2016) Positive and negative impacts of dietary protein levels in laying hens. Asian J Anim Sci 10(2):165–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alloui MN, Szczurek W, Swiatkiewicz S (2013) The usefulness of prebiotics and probiotics in modern poultry nutrition: a review. Ann Anim Sci 13(1):17–32

    Google Scholar 

  • AOAC (2006) Official methods of analysis association. Off. Anal. Chem., 18th ed. Washington, DC

  • Baker DH, Batal AB, Parr TM, Augspurger NR, Parsons CM (2002) Ideal ratio (relative to Lys) of tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, and valine for chicks during the second and third weeks post hatch. Poult Sci 81(4):485–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker DH (2003) Ideal amino acid patterns for broiler chicks. In: D’Mello JPF (ed) Amino acids in animal nutrition, 2nd edn. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 223–235

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bartov I (1979) Nutritional factors affecting quantity and quality of carcass fat in chickens. Fed Proc 38(12):2627–2639

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blair R, Jacob JB, Ibrahim S, Wang P (1999) A quantitative assessment of reduced protein diets and supplements to improve nitrogen utilization. J Appl Poult Res 8(1):25–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corzo A, Fritts CA, Kidd MT, Kerr BJ (2005) Response of broiler chicks to essential and nonessential amino acid supplementation of low-crude protein diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 118(3–4):319–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corzo A, Loar RE, Kidd MT (2009) Limitations of dietary isoleucine and valine in broiler chick diets. Poult Sci 88(9):1934–1938

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dean DW, Bidner TD, Southern LL (2006) Glycine supplementation to low protein, amino acid-supplemented diets supports optimal performance of broiler chicks. Poult Sci 85(2):288–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhama K, Latheef SK, Saminathan M, Samad HA, Karthik K, Ruchi T, Khan RU, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Alam GM, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V (2015) Multiple beneficial applications and modes of action of herbs in poultry health and production: a review. Int J Pharmacol 11(3):152–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira CL, Salminen S, Grzeskowiak L, Brizuela M, Sanchez L, Carneiro H, Bonnet M (2011) Terminology concepts of probiotic and prebiotic and their role in human and animal health. Rev Salud Anim 33(3):137–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein DL, Skadhauge E (2000) Renal and extra-renal regulation of body fluid composition, chapter 11. In: Whittow G (ed) Avian endocrinology, 5th edn. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Harms RH, Russell GB (1993) Optimizing egg mass with amino acid supplementation of a low-protein diet. Poult Sci 72(10):1892–1896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan RU, Naz S, Nikousefat Z, Tufarelli V, Laudadio V (2012) Thymus vulgaris: alternative to antibiotics in poultry feed. World Poult Sci J 68(03):401–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koreleski J, Świątkiewicz S (2011) Effect of Met and energy level in high protein organic diets fed to laying hens. Ann. J Anim Sci 10(1):83–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson S, Sunmmers JD, Lesson S (1982) Effect of dietary protein and energy on performance and production costs. Poult Sci 61(11):2232–2240

  • Laudadio V, Dambrosio A, Normanno G, Khan RU, Naz S, Rowghani E, Tufarelli V (2012a) Effect of reducing dietary protein level on performance responses and some microbiological aspects of broiler chickens under summer environmental conditions. Avian Biol Res 5(2):88–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laudadio V, Passantino L, Perillo A, Lopresti G, Passantino A, Khan RU, Tufarelli V (2012b) Productive performance and histological features of intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels. Poult Sci 91(1):265–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lesson S, Summers JD, Caston LJ (2001) Response of layers to low nutrient density diets. J Appl Poult Res 10(1):46–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molnár AK, Podmaniczky B, Kürti P, Tenk I, Glávits R, Virág GY, Szabó ZS (2011) Effect of different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, carcase quality, gut microflora and immune response of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 52(6):658–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore Jr PA (1998) Best management practices for poultry manure utilisation that enhance agricultural productivity and reduce pollution. In: Animal waste utilisation: Effective use of manure as a soil resource, pp. 89–123

  • Narváez-Solarte W, Rostango HS, Soares PR, Silva MA, Velasquez LFU (2005) Nutritional requirements in methionine + cystine for white-egg laying hens during the first cycle of production. Int J Poult Sci 4(12):965–968

  • Novak C, Yakout H, Scheideler S (2004) The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in Dekalb Delta laying hens. Poult Sci 83(6):977–984

  • Novak C, Yakout HM, Scheideler SE (2006) The effect of dietary protein level and total sulfur amino acid: lys ratio on egg production parameters and egg yield in Hy-line W-98 hens. Poult Sci 85(12):2195–2206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NRC (1994) Nutrient requirement of poultry, 9th edn. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, USA

  • Santini C, Baffoni L, Gaggia F, Granata M, Gasbarri R, Di Gioia D, Biavati B (2010) Characterisation of probiotic strains: an application as feed additives in poultry against Campylobacter jejuni. Int J Food Microbiol 141:S98–S108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Si J, Fritts CA, Waldroup PW, Burnham DJ (2004a) Effects of tryptophan to large neutral amino acid ratios and overall amino acid levels on utilization of diets low in crude protein by broilers. J Appl Poult Res 13(4):570–578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Si J, Fritts CA, Waldroup PW, Burnham DJ (2004b) Effects of excess methionine from meeting needs for total sulfur amino acids on utilization of diets low in crude protein by broiler chicks. J Appl Poult Res 13(4):579–587

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor CW, Cochran WC (1982) Statistical Methods. 7th ed. Iowa State Coll Press Ames IA

  • Sterling KG, Vedenov DV, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI (2005) Economically optimal dietary crude protein and lysine levels for starting broiler chicks. Poult Sci 84:29–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Summers JD (1993) Reducing nitrogen excretion of the laying hen by feeding lower crude protein diets. Poult Sci 72(8):1473–1478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G, Gunawardana P, Bryant MM, Voitle RA, Roland DA (2007) Effects of dietary energy and protein on performance, egg composition, egg solids, egg quality and profits of Hy-line W-36 hens during phase 3. Poult Sci 44(1):52–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeweil HS, Abdalah AA, Ahmed MH, Ahmed MRS (2011) Effect of different levels of protein and Met on performance of Baheij laying hens and environmental pollution. Egypt Poult Sci J 31:621–639

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt

    Mahmoud Alagawany, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack & Elwy A. Ashour

  2. Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    Muhammad Arif

Authors
  1. Mahmoud Alagawany
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad Arif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Elwy A. Ashour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahmoud Alagawany.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alagawany, M., Abd El-Hack, M.E., Arif, M. et al. Individual and combined effects of crude protein, methionine, and probiotic levels on laying hen productive performance and nitrogen pollution in the manure. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 22906–22913 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7511-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7511-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation