Abstract
Enhanced Uplink operation of WCDMA-UMTS systems utilizes fast Node B scheduling and a short Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 2 ms. The scheduling decisions are based on Scheduling Information (SI) sent from each User Equipment (UE) to the Node B. The weakness of the existing scheduling framework is that the SI does not include information regarding the delay sensitivity of each traffic flow, as well as the actual delay that the buffered data have experienced, especially for real-time services. In this paper, we propose the inclusion of such information in SI by introducing modifications into the respective 3GPP specifications. Thus, we propose a Delay Aware Channel Prioritization (DACP) criterion optimized for real-time services. Furthermore, we propose a DACP-based packet Scheduler (DACP-S) which is able to dynamically manage the Enhanced Dedicated Channel’s (E-DCH) transmissions and offer Quality of Service differentiation. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by means of system level simulations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Enhanced uplink; Overall description; Stage 2(Release 7), 3GPP Std. TS 25.319 V7.2.0, Mar. 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25319.htm.
Holma H., Toskala A. (2006) HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS. Wiley, Chichester
3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification (Release 7), 3GPP Std. TS 25.321 V7.5.0, June 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25321.htm.
Demers, A., Keshav, S., & Shenker, S. (1989). Analysis and simulation of a fair queueing algorithm. In SIGCOMM ’89: Symposium Proceedings on Communications Architectures & Protocols (pp. 1–12). New York, NY, USA: ACM.
Wang Y., Fan L., He D., Tafazolli R. (2008) Performance comparison of scheduling algorithms in network mobility environment. Computer Communications 31(9): 1727–1738
Ramanathan, P., & Agrawal, P. (1998). Adapting packet fair queueing algorithms to wireless networks. In MobiCom ’98: Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (pp. 1–9). New York, NY, USA: ACM.
Parekh, A., & Gallager, R. (1993). A generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks: The single-node case. IEEE/ACM ToN, 1, pp. 344–357.
Kam A., Minn T., Siu K.-Y. (2001) Supporting rate guarantee and fair access for bursty data traffic in w-cdma. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on 19(11): 2121–2130
Sallent O., Perez-Romero J., Agusti R., Casadevall F. (2003) Provisioning multimedia wireless networks for better qos: Rrm strategies for 3g w-cdma. Communications Magazine, IEEE 41(2): 100–106
Rosa, C., Outes, J., Sorensen, T., Wigard, J., & Mogensen, P. (2004). Combined time and code division scheduling for Enhanced Uplink packet access in WCDMA. In Proceedings IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC’04–Fall (pp. 851–855), Vol. 2, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Shakkottai S., Srikant R. (2002) Scheduling real-time traffic with deadlines over a wireless channel. Wireless Networks 8(1): 13–26
Teh, K.-H., Kong, P.-Y., & Jiang, S. (2003). Proactive earliest due-date scheduling in wireless packet networks. In Communication Technology Proceedings, 2003. ICCT 2003. International Conference on, vol. 2, April, pp. 816–820 vol. 2.
Kong P.-Y., Teh K.-H. (2004) Performance of proactive earliest due date packet scheduling in wireless networks. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on 53(4): 1224–1234
Kang, Y., Kim, J., Sung, D., & Lee, S. (2007). Hybrid scheduling algorithm for guaranteeing QoS of real-time traffic in High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). In Proceedings of 18th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC 2007. Athens, Greece.
Andrews M., Kumaran K., Ramanan K., Stolyar A., Whiting P. (2001) Providing quality of service over a shared wireless link. IEEE Communications Magazine 39: 150–154
3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Service aspects; Services and service capabilities (Release 9), 3GPP Std. TS 22.105 V9.0.0, Dec. 2008.
Gutiérrez, P. (2003). Packet scheduling and quality of service in hsdpa. Ph.D. dissertation, Aalborg University.
OPNET Modeler. [Online]. Available: (http://www.opnet.com).
UMTS: Selection procedures for the choice of radio transmission technologies of the UMTS, ETSI Std. TR 101 112, v.3.2.0, Apr. 1998.
Rappaport, T. (1996). Wireless communications: Principles and practice. Chap. 4, Prentice Hall.
Jakes W. (1975) Microwave mobile communications. Wiley, New York
Tranter W., Shanmugan K., Rappaport T., Cosbar K. (2004) Principles of communications systems simulation with wireless applications. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies, ITU-T Std. Recommendation G.711, Nov. 1988. [Online]. Available: http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.711/en.
Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services, ITU-T Std. Recommendation H.264, Nov. 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264/en.
Van der Auwera, G., David, P., & Reisslein, M. (2006). Bit rate-variability of H.264/AVC FRExt. Arizona State University, Tech. Rep.
3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture, 3GPP Std. TS 23.107 V8.0.0, Dec. 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23107.htm.
Anthony T. M., Kam C., Siu K.-Y. (2001) Supporting Rate Guarantee and Fair Access for Bursty Data Traffic in W-CDMA. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on 19: 2121–2130
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Komnakos, D., Skoutas, D.N., Vouyioukas, D. et al. A Delay Optimal Scheduling Policy for Real Time Services in WCDMA Systems. Wireless Pers Commun 61, 435–445 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0031-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0031-7