Abstract
The diversity of coral associated fungi is not enough understood, especially for scleractinian corals. Members of Porites are common and dominant species of scleractinian corals. To date, the fungal communities associated with coral Porites pukoensis have been not reported. In this paper, the diversity and activity of coral associated fungi in P. pukoensis were explored, 23 fungal strains were isolated, belonging to 10 genera and Aspergillus sp. (30.4 %) was predominant fungal genera. The sequence of isolate C1-23 in GenBank was only 90 % similarity to the most closely related sequences. It is concluded that rich fungal symbionts are attached to P. pukoensis, the rate of isolates with antibacterial activity was up to 30 %, particularly some isolates showed stronger bioactivities to gram-negative bacteria. It is included that the diversity of coral associated fungi in P. pukoensis is abundant and its activity is obviously. So the activities of fungi in P. pukoensis were deserved for further study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alisa PA, Garriet WS, Kiho K (2001) Characterization of Aspergillus sydowii (Thom et Church), a fungal pathogen of Caribbean sea fan corals. Hydrobiologia 460(1):105–111
Bentis CJ, Kaufman L, Golubic S (2000) Endolithic fungi in reef-building corals (order: Scleractinia) are common, cosmopolitan, and potentially pathogenic. Biol Bull 198:254–260
Burkholder PR, Burkholder LM (1958) Antimicrobial activity of horny corals. Science 127(3307):1174–1175
Chiou SF, Kuo J, Wong TY, Fan TY, Tew KS, Liu JK (2010) Analysis of the coral associated bacterial community structures in healthy and diseased corals from off-shore of southern Taiwan. J Environ Sci Health Part B 45(5):408–415
Chuanping Y, Hua P, Zhigang W, Jing J (2005) Optimization of ISSR-PCR reaction system for Betula platyphylla Suk. J Northeast For Univ 33:1–3
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf material. Phys Chem Bull 19:11–15
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39(4):783–791
Fortman JL, Sherman DH (2005) Utilizing the power of microbial genetics to bridge the gap between the promise and the application of marine natural products. Chem Biol Chem 6(6):960–978
Jensen PR, Fenical W (2002) Secondary metabolites from marine fungi. In: Hyde KD (ed) Fungi in marine environments (fungal diversity research series 7). Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong, pp 293–315
Kim K, Kim PD, Alker AP, Harvell CD (2000) Chemical resistance of gorgonian corals against fungal infections. Mar Biol 137(3):393–401
Knowlton N, Rohwer F (2003) Multispecies microbial mutualisms on coral reefs: the host as a habitat. Am Nat 162(S4):S51–S62
Koh EGL (1997) Do scleractinian corals engage in chemical warfare against microbes? J Chem Ecol 23(2):379–398
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bio-informatics 23(21):2947–2948
Li Q, Wang G (2009) Diversity of fungal isolates from three Hawaiian marine sponges. Microbiol Res 164(2):233–241
Manamgoda DS, Cai L, Bahkali AH, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD (2011) Cochliobolus: an overview and current status of species. Fungal Divers 51(1):3–42
McCaig AE, Glover LA, Prosser JI (1999) Molecular analysis of bacterial community structure and diversity in unimproved and improved upland grass pastures. Appl Environ Microb 65(4):1721–1730
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2002) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Approved standard M38-A NCCLS, Wayne
Nei M, Kumar S (2000) Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Nolte FS, Metchock B (1995) Mycobacteria. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology, 6th edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp 400–437
Priess K, Le Campion-Alsumard T, Golubic S, Gadel F, Thomassin BA (2000) Fungi in corals: black bands and density-banding of Porites lutea and P. lobata skeleton. Mar Biol 136(1):19–27
Proksch P, Ebel R, Edrada RA, Wray V, Steube K (2003) Bioactive natural products from marine invertebrates and associated fungi. In: Müller WEG (ed) Sponges. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 117–142
Ravindran J, Raghukumar C, Raghukumar S (2001) Fungi in Porites lutea: association with healthy and diseased corals. Dis Aquat Org 47(3):219–228
Rosenberg E, Koren O, Reshef L, Efrony R, Zilber-Rosenberg I (2007a) The role of microorganisms in coral health, disease and evolution. Nat Rev Microbiol 5(5):355–362
Rosenberg E, Kellogg CA, Rohwer F (2007b) Coral microbiology. Oceanography 20:146–154
Rypien KL, Ward JR, Azam F (2010) Antagonistic interactions among coral-associated bacteria. Environ Microbiol 12(1):28–39
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4(4):406–425
Sun L, Li DL, Chen YC, Tao MH, Zhang WM, Dan FJ (2011) Purification, identification and antitumor activities of secondary metabolites from marine fungus Eutypella scoparia FS26. Mycosystema 30(2):268–274
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28(10):2731–2739
Toledo-hernández C, Bones-González A, Ortiz-Vázquez OE, Sabat AM, Bayman P (2007) Fungi in the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina: diversity and sampling strategies. Coral Reefs 26(3):725–730
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee SJWT, Taylor JW (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protoc 18:315–322
Yakimov MM, Cappello S, Crisafi E, Tursi A, Savini A, Corselli C, Giuliano L (2006) Phylogenetic survey of metabolically active microbial communities associated with the deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa from the Apulian plateau, Central Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Res Part I 53(1):62–75
Zhang XY, Bao J, Wang GH, He F, Xu XY, Qi SH (2012) Diversity and antimicrobial activity of culturable fungi isolated from six species of the South China Sea gorgonians. Microb Ecol 64(3):617–627
Acknowledgments
This study was financially supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2013AA092901) and National Key Laboratory (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) Open Foundation ((No. MMLKF13-09).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, J., Zhong, M., Lei, X. et al. Diversity and antibacterial activities of culturable fungi associated with coral Porites pukoensis . World J Microbiol Biotechnol 30, 2551–2558 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-014-1701-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-014-1701-5