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Multiscale Experimental Study of Selective Blood-Cell Filtration in Fibrous Porous Media

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Abstract

Fibrous filters are used widely in transfusion medicine to remove leukocytes (white cells) from platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is a suspension of leukocytes and platelets in plasma (water and proteins). The interaction of injected leukocytes and platelets with fibers in a filter controls the effectiveness of the filter to selectively retain leukocytes and to allow platelets to pass through. We present comprehensive experimental results at three different spatial scales—cellular, pore, and macroscale—to study PRP filtration in fibrous filters. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure and compare adhesive forces of the cells brought in contact with clean and protein-coated materials. We then extended cellular-scale experiments to pore-scale flow systems using transparent microfluidic platforms (filter chip) to visualize cell movement in interstitial space and cell capture to microposts under precisely controlled laminar and low-Stokes’-number conditions. We tested filter chips with different surface wettabilities; at the macroscale, we used commercial PRP filters. AFM and filter-chip experiments revealed that plasma proteins play important roles in modifying surface properties to adhere incoming cells. Filter-chip and commercial-filter experimental results showed that adhesion of both leukocytes and platelets decreases at higher shear rates. This reduction was more pronounced for platelets than for leukocytes, which means that results can be used to optimize the selective filtration process.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

CP2D:

Citrate phosphate double dextrose buffer

MPV:

Mean particle volume

PDMS:

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)

PRP:

Platelet-rich plasma

PPP:

Platelet-poor plasma

vdW:

van der Waals forces

z :

Distance, nm

η :

Relative cell adhesiveness or cell-capture yield, %

η L :

Leukocyte capture yield, %

η P :

Platelet capture yield, %

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, Box X, Austin, TX, 78713-8924, USA

    Farzam Javadpour

  2. Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada

    Matthias Amrein

  3. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr., NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada

    Ayodeji Jeje

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  1. Farzam Javadpour
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  2. Matthias Amrein
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  3. Ayodeji Jeje
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Correspondence to Farzam Javadpour.

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Javadpour, F., Amrein, M. & Jeje, A. Multiscale Experimental Study of Selective Blood-Cell Filtration in Fibrous Porous Media. Transp Porous Med 91, 913–926 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9880-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9880-0

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