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ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles as novel antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene: a review

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Abstract

Oral cavity is inhabited by more than 25,000 different bacterial phylotypes; some of them cause systemic infections in addition to dental and periodontal diseases. Emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance among these bacteria necessitates the development of alternative antimicrobial agents that are safe, stable, and relatively economic. This review focuses on the significance of metal oxide nanoparticles, especially zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as supplementary antimicrobials for controlling oral infections and biofilm formation. Indeed, the ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs have exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria at concentrations which is not toxic in in vivo toxicity assays. These nanoparticles are being produced at an industrial scale for use in a variety of commercial products including food products. Thus, the application of ZnO and TiO2 NPs as nanoantibiotics for the development of mouthwashes, dental pastes, and other oral hygiene materials is envisaged. It is also suggested that these NPs could serve as healthier, innocuous, and effective alternative for controlling both the dental biofilms and oral planktonic bacteria with lesser side effects and antibiotic resistance.

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Acknowledgments

This project was funded by the National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Award Number (12-NAN-2490-2).

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The authors declare no conflict of interest whatsoever.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Shams Tabrez Khan & Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy

  2. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Shams Tabrez Khan

  3. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Javed Musarrat

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  1. Shams Tabrez Khan
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  2. Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
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  3. Javed Musarrat
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Correspondence to Shams Tabrez Khan.

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Khan, S.T., Al-Khedhairy, A.A. & Musarrat, J. ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles as novel antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene: a review. J Nanopart Res 17, 276 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-3074-6

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