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Breast Cancer Stem Cells and the Immune System: Promotion, Evasion and Therapy

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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cancer stem cells are believed to be a subset of heterogeneous tumour cells responsible for tumour initiation, growth, local invasion, and metastasis. In breast cancer, numerous factors have been implicated in regulation of cancer stem cells, but there is still a paucity of information regarding precise molecular and cellular mechanisms guiding their pathobiology. Components of both the adaptive and the innate immune system have been shown to play a crucial role in supporting breast cancer growth and spread, and recently some immune mediators, both molecules and cells, have been reported to influence breast cancer stem cell biology. This review summarises a small, pioneering body of evidence for the potentially important function of the “immuniche” in maintaining and supporting breast cancer stem cells.

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Abbreviations

ALDH1:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1

BCSC:

Breast cancer stem cell

CAF:

Cancer-associated fibroblast

CCL:

C-C chemokine ligand

CCR:

C-C chemokine receptor

CSC:

Cancer stem cell

CXCL:

C-X-C chemokine ligand

CXCR:

C-X-C chemokine receptor

EMT:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IL-8:

Interleukin-8

MFE:

Mammosphere-forming efficiency

MMTV:

Mouse mammary tumour virus

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

PyMT:

Polyoma middle T antigen

RANK:

Receptor activator of NFκB

RANKL:

Receptor activator of NFκB ligand

TAM:

Tumour-associated macrophage

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor β

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Acknowledgments

We thank Miss Michelle Turvey for critical reading of the manuscript. Work by S. T. Boyle and M. Kochetkova is supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Australian Postgraduate Award.

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  1. School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Sarah T. Boyle & Marina Kochetkova

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  1. Sarah T. Boyle
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Correspondence to Marina Kochetkova.

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Boyle, S.T., Kochetkova, M. Breast Cancer Stem Cells and the Immune System: Promotion, Evasion and Therapy. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 19, 203–211 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-014-9323-y

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