Abstract
The orientations of cracks as they develop in a material indicate the planes that have experienced the maximum damage. For the purpose of fatigue life analysis and prediction, these planes are referred to as the failure or critical planes. In order to study the planes on which cracks develop for different types of loading, the development of cracks was observed during constant and variable amplitude experiments using the multiaxial ring specimen. Two filled rubber materials were compared in this study: NR, which strain crystallizes, and SBR, which does not. Multiaxial test signals composed of alternating blocks of axial and torsion cycles (each of which acts on different critical planes) produced crack orientations that fell between those occurring for signals composed only of axial or of torsion cycles. Plane-specific fatigue damage parameters of cracking energy density and normal strain were evaluated for their ability to predict the experimentally observed planes of crack development.
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Abbreviations
- \( {\overrightarrow{r}} \) :
-
Unit normal vector
- T Wc :
-
Energy release rate based on cracking energy density
- W :
-
Strain energy density
- W NH :
-
Strain energy density based on Neo–Hookean model
- W c :
-
Cracking energy density
- W c,raw :
-
Raw computed cracking energy density
- α :
-
Angle of crack orientation from horizontal plane
- ε, ε :
-
Strain tensor, state of strain
- ε n :
-
Normal strain
- σ :
-
State of stress
- ϕ :
-
Angle of crack plane in material thickness direction
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Harbour, R.J., Fatemi, A. & Mars, W.V. Fatigue crack orientation in NR and SBR under variable amplitude and multiaxial loading conditions. J Mater Sci 43, 1783–1794 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2398-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2398-8