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Hypotonic challenge modulates cell volumes differently in the superficial zone of intact articular cartilage and cartilage explant

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sample preparation on the biomechanical behaviour of chondrocytes. We compared the volumetric and dimensional changes of chondrocytes in the superficial zone (SZ) of intact articular cartilage and cartilage explant before and after a hypotonic challenge. Calcein-AM labelled SZ chondrocytes were imaged with confocal laser scanning microscopy through intact cartilage surfaces and through cut surfaces of cartilage explants. In order to clarify the effect of tissue composition on cell volume changes, Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy was used for estimating the proteoglycan and collagen contents of the samples. In the isotonic medium (300 mOsm), there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the SZ cell volumes and aspect ratios between intact cartilage samples and cartilage explants. Changes in cell volumes at both short-term (2 min) and long-term (2 h) time points after the hypotonic challenge (180 mOsm) were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. Further, proteoglycan content was found to correlate significantly (r 2 = 0.63, p < 0.05) with the cell volume changes in cartilage samples with intact surfaces. Collagen content did not correlate with cell volume changes. The results suggest that the biomechanical behaviour of chondrocytes following osmotic challenge is different in intact cartilage and in cartilage explant. This indicates that the mechanobiological responses of cartilage and cell signalling may be significantly dependent on the integrity of the mechanical environment of chondrocytes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Siru M. Turunen, Simo Saarakkala, Arto Koistinen & Rami K. Korhonen

  2. Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Mikko J. Lammi

  3. Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Mikko J. Lammi

  4. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland

    Simo Saarakkala

  5. BioMater Centre, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Arto Koistinen

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  1. Siru M. Turunen
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Correspondence to Rami K. Korhonen.

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Turunen, S.M., Lammi, M.J., Saarakkala, S. et al. Hypotonic challenge modulates cell volumes differently in the superficial zone of intact articular cartilage and cartilage explant. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 11, 665–675 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-011-0341-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-011-0341-z

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